| |
|
| Corporate governance |
| |
AngloGold is committed
to the principles and practice of good corporate governance.
The King Report on Corporate Governance (2002) (the King Report)
and the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act have significantly altered the
corporate governance landscape. Except where otherwise stated,
AngloGold’s practices and policies remain in compliance
with the values enshrined in the King Report and the directors
have complied with the King Report requirements for the entire
year under review. The management continues to address particular
areas where the company’s governance position needs
to be aligned to the recommendations contained in this Report.
AngloGold’s shares are traded on the New York Stock
Exchange (NYSE) in the form of ADSs that are administered
by The Bank of New York by means of an American Depositary
Receipt programme. Many of the applicable provisions of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act have yet to come into force and management
continues to implement the requirements as they arise.
The company continues to pursue excellence in corporate governance
practices and achieved the following during the year: |
| • |
AngloGold’s
Annual Report 2002 received a merit award at the distinguished
South African Annual Report Award ceremony, sponsored
by amongst others, the JSE Securities Exchange South
Africa; |
| • |
AngloGold won
the award for Best Investor Relations Website for 2003,
and was the runner-up for the Best Overall Investor
Relations Company Award, at the Investor Relations Magazine
South Africa Conference & Awards 2003; |
| • |
introduced a Nominations
Committee, which reports to the AngloGold Board; |
| • |
revised terms
of reference for the Audit Committee, placing corporate
governance within its ambit and renaming of the committee
the Audit and Corporate Governance Committee; |
| • |
attained the highest
rank in the Edward Nathan and Friedland (ENF) Sustainability
Index 2002; |
| • |
appointed independent
auditors PricewaterhouseCoopers to review the 2003 AngloGold
Report to Society; |
| • |
adopted an AngloGold
Code of Ethics; |
| • |
adopted a code
of ethics for the chief executive officer, principal
financial officer and senior financial officers; |
| • |
provided the mechanisms
for the confidential reporting of unethical and/or illegal
conduct; and |
| • |
AngloGold, in
the interests of transparency and accountability, was
the first publicly listed company in South Africa to
fully disclose its policy on party political donations.
The policy is available from the company website. |
|
| |
The board is presently
engaged in a process of determining the policy and procedures
for appraising its effectiveness and that of each individual
director. This process will be finalised during the course
of 2004. |
| |
| The board of directors |
| The company has a unitary
board structure comprising four executive directors and 10
non-executive directors. Details of each of the directors
are available on pages 37 and 38 of this report. The board
meets at least on a quarterly basis to discuss and review
issues of strategy, planning, operational and financial performance,
acquisitions and disposals, major capital expenditure, stakeholder
communications and other material issues reserved for its
decision. Further meetings are held as and when required.
The board consists of a group of directors which together
possesses the necessary knowledge, expertise and experience
to contribute meaningfully to the deliberations of the board,
and continue to be committed to principles of corporate discipline,
accountability, transparency, independence, fairness and social
responsibility.
The board charter detailing the composition, powers, authority,
responsibilities and procedures of the board, selection criteria
for directors, and incorporating key elements of ethical standards
for directors, is publicly available from the company website.
As required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act the board has furthermore
adopted a code of ethics for the chief executive officer,
principal financial officer and senior financial officers.
This code will be made available on the company website.
The Remuneration Committee is responsible for evaluating the
performance of the chief executive officer and for determining
all issues affecting executive remuneration.
The appointment of new directors is a matter for the board
as a whole. In accordance with best practice, the board’s
Nominations Committee, chaired by an independent non-executive
chairman, has been appointed to assist the board in considering
and selecting eligible members to the board.
An agenda, the minutes of the previous meeting and supporting
documentation to assist directors in making informed decisions
is provided to all board and board committee members prior
to meetings being held. Furthermore, all directors have unrestricted
access to, and may inspect, all documentation and property
held by the company. The directors also have unrestricted
access to the managing and company secretaries for advice
and information.
Directors attend all board and committee meetings as far as
practicable. Meetings are mainly held in the corporate offices
in Johannesburg, and where feasible, video and telephone conferencing
facilities are provided when directors cannot be present at
the venue.
In addition to the four scheduled board meetings held during
the year, five special meetings were held. Details of dates
and attendance by the directors at the nine board meetings
held in 2003 are provided below: |
| |
|
| |
| The directors |
| The executive directors
are appointed by the board to oversee the day-to-day running
of the company through effective supervision of management.
Executive directors are held accountable by regular reporting
to the board, and their performance is measured against predetermined
criteria as well as the performance of their respective business
units. The performances of the executive directors are considered
relative to the prevailing business climate. Bonuses paid
to executive directors are a reflection of the performance
of each of the directors and the company as a whole. Executive
directors have elected to receive no remuneration as directors
of the company.
Only executive directors have contracts of employment with
the company. There are no contracts of service between the
directors and the company, or any of its subsidiaries, that
are terminable at periods of notice exceeding one year and
requiring the payment of compensation. All directors are subject
to retirement by rotation and re-election by shareholders
at least once every three years. In addition, all directors
are subject to re-election by shareholders at the first annual
general meeting following their appointment, and sufficient
biographical detail is supplied to shareholders for informed
decisions to be made on the re-election of directors.
Non-executive directors provide the board with invaluable
and balanced advice and experience that is independent of
management and the executive. Crucially, nonexecutive directors
play an integral part in company activities not just through
their membership of the board, but also through their representation
on all board committees where their individual knowledge and
experience contributes to the deliberations of the committees.
In addition to executive directors supervising management,
management is held accountable to the board committees, as
non-executive directors are able to have strategic oversight
of management decisions and actions, and to advise on strategy
and planning.
Five of the non-executive directors, including the chairman
and deputy chairman, are independent as defined in the JSE
Securities Exchange Listings Requirements. The board is of
the view that the number and calibre of the independent directors
serving on it, and their representation on board committees,
ensures the company’s interests receive impartial views
that are separate of management and shareholders. The five
independent directors are: Messrs F B Arisman, C B Brayshaw
and R P Edey, Dr T J Motlatsi and Mrs E le R Bradley.
The board has approved a fit and proper policy for directors
and company secretaries. This policy will be applied to all
new appointments of board members and company secretaries.
The roles of chief executive officer and chairman have been
separate since 2002 when Russell Edey was appointed board
chair and Bobby Godsell retained the chief executive’s
position.
The fees of non-executive directors are fixed by shareholders
at the annual general meeting, and other than the fees they
receive for their participation on board committees and an
allowance for travelling internationally to attend board meetings,
non-executive directors receive no further payments from the
company.
A managing secretary and company secretary advise the board
on compliance with procedural and regulatory aspects of a
legal nature, and are active in guiding the board on all corporate
governance issues.
Policies and procedures are in place to allow directors to
seek independent professional advice at the company’s
expense. This enables the directors and board committees to
act independently of management where this is deemed necessary. |
| |
| Board committees |
The company’s
activities span a wide range of disciplines and activities.
Board committees have been established to oversee the development
of strategy, ensure its implementation and to report to the
board on important issues facing the company. The committees
play a vital role in enhancing the effectiveness of the board
and assist the board in discharging its duties and responsibilities.
The committees comprise members of the board, are chaired
(in the main) by a non-executive director, and meet a number
of times each year. Each committee fulfils a specific mandate
entrusted to it by the board and has written terms of reference
governing its particular sphere of activity, membership requirements
and reporting procedures, together with details of its powers,
rights and obligations. Members of each committee are chosen
having regard to each member’s knowledge, experience
and ability to provide a meaningful contribution to the committee’s
particular mandate. Management, who attend the meetings by
invitation, report to the committees on their activities,
and important issues requiring a decision are raised with
the members of the committees. An agenda, supporting documentation
and full justification for decisions required are provided
prior to each committee meeting. Minutes of each committee
meeting are circulated to members and the board. The chairman
of each committee prepares reports for each board meeting
detailing the committee’s activities for the preceding
period and, where necessary, attends the annual general meeting
to answer any questions raised by shareholders.
The remuneration of board committee members is determined
by the board. At present, the chairman of a board committee
receives R50,000 per annum, and members receive R30,000 each
per annum. Executive directors receive no remuneration for
membership of board committees.
A description of each board committee is provided below. |
| |
| Executive Committee |
| Members:
R M Godsell (Chairman), J G Best, D L Hodgson, and K H Williams
The Executive Committee comprises the four executive directors,
and is chaired by the chief executive officer. The committee
meets on a weekly basis with a mandate to review operational
activities and the performance of the group, develop strategy
and policy proposals for consideration by the board, and implement
board directives.
The Operations Committee has been established as a sub-committee
of the Executive Committee to assist in the execution of certain
of its duties and responsibilities. The Operations Committee
is chaired by the chief operating officer, meets on a regular
basis, and comprises the executive officers in charge of each
of the operational regions, together with the executive officers
for human resources, corporate affairs, business planning,
and designated senior managers appointed by the Executive
Committee. The purpose of the subcommittee is to oversee and
monitor the performance of the operational activities, implement
the strategic objectives of the company, and to report to
the Executive Committee on important areas of concern. |
| |
| Audit and Corporate Governance Committee |
Members:
C B Brayshaw (Chairman), F B Arisman Mrs E le R Bradley and
R P Edey
In accordance with best practice the terms of reference for
this committee were amended during the year to incorporate
the corporate governance discipline within the committee’s
mandate. The committee comprises only independent non-executive
directors and its mandate covers the sphere of duties relating
to accounting policies, internal control, financial reporting
practices, identification of exposure to significant risks
and all corporate governance issues. The committee meets at
least five times a year.
On 30 July 2003, Peter Whitcutt, who had been a member of
this committee, resigned, and Frank Arisman was appointed
in his stead.
The board has determined that the board chairman possesses
skills and experience necessary to contribute meaningfully
to the committee’s deliberations as a member rather
than an invitee. The board also considers it unnecessary for
the chief executive to be a member of the committee and that
he should rather attend meetings by invitation only.
To assist the committee in discharging its responsibilities,
internal audits are performed at all of the operating units
of the company under the auspices and direction of the group
internal audit manager. Teams of suitable, qualified and experienced
employees perform the internal audits. The committee has approved
an Internal Audit Charter that governs the activities, powers
and duties of the internal audit function, and this charter
is reviewed annually. The primary mandate of the group’s
internal auditors is to provide an independent, objective
assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and
improve the organisation’s operations. This is done
by a systematic, disciplined approach to review, evaluate
and improve the effectiveness of risk management, internal
control and governance processes. This process would bring
material deficiencies, instances of non-compliance, high-risk
exposure and development needs to the attention of the group
internal audit manager and operational management for resolution.
The board has obtained assurance from management, the internal
auditors and the external auditors, that there have been no
significant breakdowns in internal control systems during
the year.
The committee is responsible for the appointment and removal
of the group internal audit manager. This committee and the
executive committee consider it unnecessary for the group
internal audit manager to report administratively to the chief
executive officer, and has determined that she report administratively
to the finance director and functionally to the committee.
The internal audit manager has unrestricted access to the
chief executive, the board chairman and the chairman of the
committee, and is invited to attend and report on her department’s
activities at all committee meetings. The board is confident
that the unfettered access of the group internal audit manager
to key board members and the direct and regular reporting
to the committee, together with her calibre and integrity,
enables her to discharge her duties as required by law and
in fulfilment of her obligations to the company.
The committee has access to all records of the internal audit
team. The group’s external audit partner has unrestricted
access to the chairman of the committee and, where necessary,
to the chairman of the board and chief executive officer.
Important findings arising from audit procedures are brought
to the attention of the committee and reported to the board.
The committee is responsible for the appointment, removal
and oversight of the activities of the external auditors.
In addition, the committee set the principles for recommending
the use of the external auditors for non-audit services. The
committee approves all external consulting services and other
charges levied by the external auditors.
The committee met five times during 2003, with the external
audit partner, the group’s internal audit manager and
the corporate accounting manager, to review the audit plans
of the internal and external auditors, to ascertain the extent
to which the scope of the audit can be relied upon to detect
weaknesses in internal controls and to review the quarterly
and half-yearly financial results, the preliminary announcement
of the annual results and the annual financial statements,
as well as all statutory submissions of a financial nature,
prior to approval by the board.
All committee members attended these meetings personally,
or were included in the proceedings through teleconferencing
facilities, except as indicated below:
| Date of meeting |
|
Apologies tendered |
| 24 January 2003 |
|
– |
| 20 February 2003 |
|
Mrs E le R Bradley |
| 25 April 2003 |
|
– |
| 25 July 2003 |
|
– |
| 24 October 2003 |
|
Mrs E le R Bradley |
A sub-committee met on 20 March 2003 to review the company’s
annual report on Form 20-F prior to approval by the board
and subsequent submission to the SEC. |
| |
| Employment Equity and Development Committee |
Members:
Dr T J Motlatsi (Chairman), F B Arisman, R M Godsell, D L
Hodgson and W A Nairn
The committee met on four occasions during the year, chaired
by the board deputy chairman. It comprises three non-executive
directors, as well as the chief executive and chief operating
officers. The purpose of the committee is to facilitate the
development of opportunities in the company for all employees
and to encourage employees to achieve their optimal levels
of career development in the company, with due recognition
being given to the diversity of the society in which the company
operates.
All members attended the meetings, either personally or through
the provision of teleconferencing facilities, except where
specifically mentioned below:
| Date of meeting |
|
Apologies tendered |
| 24 January 2003 |
|
– |
| 16 April 2003 |
|
– |
| 29 July 2003 |
|
W A Nairn |
| 22 October 2003 |
|
R M Godsell |
|
| |
| Investment Committee |
Members:
R P Edey (Chairman), J G Best, Mrs E le R Bradley, A W Lea,
W A Nairn and K H Williams
Chaired by a non-executive director, the committee is composed
of four non-executive directors, as well as the executive
directors for finance and marketing, and meets as and when
required. The mandate of the committee is to assess and evaluate
capital projects, and ensure that investments, disinvestments
and financing proposals are in accordance with the company’s
primary objective of creating wealth for its shareholders
on a sustainable long-term basis.
Four meetings were held during 2003. All members attended
the meetings, either personally or through the provision of
teleconferencing facilities, except where specifically mentioned
below:
| Date of meeting |
|
Apologies tendered |
| 27 January 2003 |
|
– |
| 22 April 2003 |
|
Mrs E le R Bradley |
| 29 July 2003 |
|
W A Nairn |
| 23 October 2003 |
|
Mrs E le R Bradley |
|
| |
| Market Development Committee |
Members:
Mrs E le R Bradley (Chairman), F B Arisman, R M Godsell, Dr
T J Motlatsi and K H Williams
AngloGold is committed both to the production of gold and
the development of the market for gold itself. To this end
this committee has been established to extend the influence
of AngloGold as a major global gold company, in the development
of a broader gold business, both nationally and internationally.
Victor Fung, who had been a member of this committee, did
not stand for re-election to the board and accordingly, ceased
to be a member of the board after 30 April 2003. The committee,
which met twice during the year, is composed of three non-executive
directors, the chief executive officer and the executive director
for marketing. All members attended the meetings, either personally
or through the provision of teleconferencing facilities, except
where specifically mentioned below:
| Date of meeting |
|
Apologies tendered |
| 29 January 2003 |
|
Dr V K Fung |
| 29 July 2003 |
|
Dr T J Motlatsi |
|
| |
| Nominations Committee |
| Members:
R P Edey (Chairman), F B Arisman, Mrs E le R Bradley, C B
Brayshaw, Dr T J Motlatsi and A J Trahar
The committee was established during the year and has yet
to meet. It is chaired by the board chairman, and is composed
solely of non-executive directors, the majority of whom are
independent directors as defined in the JSE Listings Requirements.
The mandate of the committee is to assist the board in determining
the criteria for new appointments to the board, to select
and advise the board on eligible candidates, and to put in
place succession plans particularly for the chairman of the
board and the chief executive officer. |
| |
| Remuneration Committee |
Members:
R P Edey (Chairman), C B Brayshaw, N F Oppenheimer, J Ogilvie
Thompson and A J Trahar
The Remuneration Committee, which comprises exclusively non-executive
directors, is primarily responsible for approving the remuneration
policies of the company. Further details of this committee
are available in the Remuneration Report. Colin Brayshaw was
appointed as a member of the committee on 30 July 2003.
The committee meets as and when required, with a minimum of
one meeting per annum. Three meetings of the committee were
held during 2003. All members attended the meetings, either
personally or through the provision of teleconferencing facilities.
| Date of meeting |
|
Apologies tendered |
| 27 January 2003 |
|
– |
| 29 April 2003 |
|
– |
| 30 July 2003 |
|
– |
|
| |
| Safety, Health and Sustainable Development
Committee |
Members: W A Nairn (Chairman),
R M Godsell and Dr T J Motlatsi
The committee’s brief is to evaluate the social, economic,
environmental and health impacts of the company’s operations
on both local and global communities. One of the primary objectives
of this committee is the elimination of all work-related accidents.
The committee conducts on-site inspections in regard to matters
of serious concern.
The committee, which comprises two non-executive directors and
the chief executive officer, met on four occasions during 2003.
All members attended the meetings, either personally or through
the provision of teleconferencing facilities, except where specifically
mentioned below:
| Date of meeting |
|
Apologies tendered |
| 24 January 2003 |
|
– |
| 16 April 2003 |
|
– |
| 25 July 2003 |
|
R M Godsell |
| 22 October 2003 |
|
R M Godsell |
|
| |
| Other committees |
In addition to the
board committees, other committees have been established to
oversee the effective day-to-day management of the company.
These committees meet on a regular basis and are detailed
below:
The Treasury Committee meets on a monthly basis and is chaired
by a non-executive director, and comprises key officers in
the finance and marketing disciplines. The committee is tasked
with discussing and valuating market conditions, treasury
operations and future hedging strategies. The members of this
committee are:
| C B Brayshaw (Chairman) |
– |
Non-executive Director |
| J G Best |
– |
Executive Director, Finance |
| S Cassim |
– |
East and West Africa Region, Financial
Manager |
| R N Duffy |
– |
Executive Officer, Business Planning |
| Ms D Earp |
– |
Manager, Corporate Accounting |
| R P H Hayes |
– |
Manager, Treasury |
| Ms H H Hickey |
– |
Manager, Group Internal Audit |
| Ms C A Hoad |
– |
Manager, Risk |
| M P Lynam |
– |
Treasurer |
| K H Williams |
– |
Executive Director, Marketing |
The Finance Committee, chaired by the executive director for
finance, meets on a regular basis, and comprises key officers
in the finance, marketing and legal disciplines. The committee
has responsibility for strategy and monitoring of all financial
and administrative aspects of the company.
The committee’s membership is as follows:
| J G Best (Chairman) |
– |
Executive Director, Finance |
| S Barua |
– |
Legal compliance Manager |
| R C Croll |
– |
Manager, mining valuations |
| PJ G Dennison |
– |
Manager, mergers and acquisitions |
| R N Duffy |
– |
Executive officer, Business planning |
| Ms D Earp |
– |
Manager, Corporate accounting |
| Ms H H Hickey |
– |
Manager, Group internal audit |
| S J Lenahan |
– |
Executive officer, Corporate affairs |
| M P Lynam |
– |
Treasurer |
| O C Murphy |
– |
Manager, Corporate taxation |
| Ms Y Z Simelane |
– |
Managing secretary |
|
| |
| Company secretarial function |
| The company secretarial
function consists of both a managing secretary and a company
secretary. The managing secretary bears overall responsibility
for the company secretarial function. Appointment and removal
of the managing secretary and company secretary are matters
for the board.
The managing secretary and company secretary advise the directors,
both collectively and individually, on compliance with procedural
and regulatory aspects of a legal nature, ensuring awareness
of applicable laws and regulations, guiding the board on all
corporate governance and ethical issues, as well as advising
the directors on their rights, duties and powers. The in-house
legal department reports to the managing secretary and assists
the company secretarial function should any questions or issues
arise. In addition, the company secretarial function has access
to a legal counsel who reports to the managing secretary on
all compliance and corporate governance issues affecting the
company. The company secretarial function also plays a crucial
role in the induction of new directors.
Policies and procedures affecting directors and the board
as a whole are developed by the company secretarial function
in consultation with the Executive Committee, prior to submission
and approval by the board. During the year, policies and procedures
were developed for directors and the board including directors’
rights to seek independent professional advice, the induction
of new directors, and the development of fit and proper standards
for the appointment of directors. Terms of reference of the
various board committees are developed either by, or in consultation
with, the company secretarial function, prior to submission
to the board for formal approval.
Together with the investor relations department, the company
secretarial function also provides a direct communications
link with investors, and liaises with the company’s
share registrars on all issues affecting shareholders. The
company secretarial function, in consultation with other departments,
also provides mandatory information required by various regulatory
bodies and stock exchanges on which the company is listed.
The managing secretary and company secretary are also responsible
for compliance with all the statutory requirements in regard
to the administration of the Share Incentive Scheme. Directors
and officers report dealing in shares of the company to the
company secretarial function who in turn report the dealings
to the board. The managing secretary and company secretary
are also required to ensure that minutes of all shareholders’,
board and board committees’ meetings are properly recorded
in accordance with the South African Companies Act
of 1973. |
| |
| Management |
| Although the board
bears overall responsibility for the company, management (together
with the executive directors) is the custodian and administrator
of the day-to-day performance of the company. Management therefore
plays a significant role in the corporate governance of the
company. The executive directors are the board functionaries
who assume control and guide the activities and actions of
management. Management also reports to the various board committees
and receives direction and guidance on issues of strategy
and planning from such committees.
Those chosen to assume managerial positions are appointed
on the basis of their qualifications, experience and ability
to contribute meaningfully to the company’s best interests.
Integrity and honesty are qualities expected of management,
as this is central to the practice of good corporate governance.
Management has engaged, and is engaging in an extensive review
of its current practices and is satisfied that it complies
with its corporate governance obligations. A multi-disciplinary
Disclosures Committee has been established by management to
review and monitor company practices and obligations, and
to ensure appropriate, effective and timely disclosures are
made to the various regulatory bodies. |
| |
| Succession planning |
| AngloGold recognises
that it is in its best interests, and those of its stakeholders,
to ensure that it continues to operate and function effectively,
with minimal disruption, should key personnel resign or retire.
Competent, credible and appropriately qualified candidates
are selected and groomed to take over key positions in the
event of a vacancy arising in senior managerial positions.
A talent management programme is in place to harness, nurture
and maximise the potential of promising employees. The Nominations
Committee is briefed inter alia to put in place plans
for the succession of the chairman of the board and the chief
executive officer. |
| |
| Corporate governance guidelines |
| AngloGold’s Corporate
Governance Guidelines are available from the company website.
These guidelines include the board charter, business principles,
code of ethics for the chief executive officer and financial
officers, board committees’ terms of reference, and
other policies of the company. |
| |
| Annual financial statements |
| The directors are required
by the South African Companies Act to maintain adequate accounting
records and are responsible for the preparation of the annual
financial statements which fairly present the state of affairs
of the company and the AngloGold group at the end of the financial
year, and the results of operations and cash flow for the
year, in conformity with generally accepted accounting practice
and in terms of the JSE Listings Requirements.
In preparing the annual financial statements reflected in
US Dollars and SA Rands on pages 42 to 140, the group has
complied with South African Statements of Generally Accepted
Accounting Practice (SA GAAP) and International Financial
Reporting Standards (IFRS) and has used appropriate accounting
policies supported by reasonable and prudent judgements and
estimates. The directors are of the opinion that these financial
statements fairly present the financial position of the company
and the group at 31 December 2003, and the results of their
operations and cash flow information for the year then ended.
The directors have reviewed the group’s business plan
and cash flow forecast for the year to 31 December 2004. On
the basis of this review, and in the light of the current
financial position and existing borrowing facilities, the
directors are satisfied that AngloGold is a going concern
and have continued to adopt the going-concern basis in preparing
the financial statements.
The external auditors, Ernst & Young, are responsible
for independently auditing and reporting on the financial
statements in conformity with Generally Accepted Auditing
Standards, IFRS and the Companies Act. Their unqualified report
on these financial statements appears on page 41.
To comply with requirements for reporting by non-US companies
registered with the SEC, the company has prepared a set of
financial statements (Form 20-F) in accordance with US Generally
Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP) which will be available
from The Bank of New York to holders of the company’s
securities listed in the form of American Depositary Shares
on the NYSE. Copies of the Form 20-F will also be available
to stakeholders and other interested parties upon request
to the company’s corporate office or its contacts as
listed on the back cover of this report. In compliance with
the requirements of the NYSE, a condensed consolidated income
statement, balance sheet, statement of cash flows and brief
financial notes based on US GAAP are included on pages 141
to 144 in this report. A condensed reconciliation between
IFRS and US GAAP is supplied as supplementary information
(pages 145 to 147).
In terms of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the chief executive officer
and chief financial officer are required to complete a group
certificate stating that the financial statements and reports
are not misleading and that they fairly present the financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows in all material
respects. The design and effectiveness of the internal controls,
including disclosure controls, are also included in the declaration.
As part of the process, a declaration is also made that all
significant deficiencies and material weaknesses, fraud involving
management or employees who play a significant role in internal
control, and significant changes that could impact on the
internal control environment, are disclosed to the Audit and
Corporate Governance Committee and the board. |
| |
| Risk management and internal control |
| The board has ultimate
responsibility for the total risk management process within
the group. The board reviews and approves the risk strategy
and policies that are formulated by the executive directors
and senior management. Management is accountable to the board
and has established a group-wide system of internal control
to manage significant group risk. This system assists the
board in discharging its responsibility for ensuring that
the wide range of risks associated with the group’s
global operations are effectively managed in support of the
creation and preservation of shareholder wealth. The risk
management policies are communicated to all relevant employees.
Corporate governance is viewed as a strategic response to
pursuing opportunities in a manner that is balanced by taking
prudent risks, appropriately mitigated in exchange for measurable
rewards. A full review of the risk, control and disclosure
processes is undertaken annually to ensure that all additional
requirements are incorporated into the system in the future.
The systems are in place and the focus is on ensuring that
the requirements of the King Report 2002 and the Sarbanes-
Oxley Act are complied with timeously.
The management of risk encompasses all significant business
risks, including operational and financial risk, which could
undermine the achievement of business objectives. The board
has approved the level of acceptable risk and required that
operations manage and report in terms thereof. Issues and
circumstances, which could give rise to material adverse reputation
considerations, are also considered to be unacceptable risk.
There is clear accountability for risk management. The requisite
risk and control capability is assured through board control
and appropriate management selection and skills development.
Managers are supported in giving effect to their risk responsibilities
through sound policies and guidelines on control management.
Continual monitoring of risk and control processes, across
significant risk areas, provides the basis for regular and
exceptional reporting to the Audit and Corporate Governance
and Executive committees. In the event of failure or disaster,
continuity plans are in place with regard to critical processes.
For key risk areas, group risk owners have been appointed
and board policies issued. The risk assessment and reporting
criteria are designed to provide the board with a consistent,
group-wide perspective of the key risks. The system of internal
control, which is embedded in all key operations, provides
reasonable assurance, rather than absolute assurance, that
the group’s business objectives will be achieved within
the levels of risk tolerance defined by the board.
Regular management reports, which provide a balanced assessment
of key risks, are an important component of board assurance.
Additional sources include assertions by divisional heads
as well as board committees established to focus on specific
risks such as safety, health and sustainability, and capital
investment. The board also receives assurance from the Audit
and Corporate Governance Committee, which derives its information,
in part, from regular internal and external audit reports
on risk and internal control throughout the group.
The company has a sound system of internal control, based
on the group’s policies and guidelines, in all material
associates and joint ventures. Where this is not possible,
the directors, who represent AngloGold’s interests on
the boards of these entities, seek assurance that significant
risks are being managed.
In conducting its annual review of the effectiveness of risk
management in terms of the Turnbull requirements of the Combined
Code – Principles of Good Corporate Governance and Code
of Best Practice in the United Kingdom, the board considers
the key findings from the ongoing monitoring and reporting
process, management assertions and independent assurance reports.
The board also takes account of material changes and trends
in the risk profile, and considers whether the control system,
including reporting, adequately supports the board in achieving
its risk management objectives. In addition, business unit
heads and corporate risk owners are required to sign off abbreviated
certificates confirming their understanding of their responsibility
for internal controls. They are also required to certify that
their disclosure in relation to their internal controls is
transparent and that there are no untrue statements or omissions
in their reporting process.
During the course of the year the board considered the group’s
responsiveness to changes within its business environment,
and systems of control. The board is satisfied that there
is an ongoing process for identifying, evaluating and managing
the significant risks faced by the group. |
| |
| Risk factors |
| This section describes
some of the risks that could materially affect AngloGold.
Additional risk factors not presently known to AngloGold or
that AngloGold currently deems immaterial may also impair
the business operations of AngloGold.
The risk factors set forth in this document have been organised
into two categories: |
| |
| - |
risks related to the gold mining industry
generally; and |
| - |
risks related to AngloGold’s
operations. |
|
| |
| Risks related to the gold mining industry
generally |
| |
The profitability
of AngloGold’s operations, and the cash flows generated
by these operations, are significantly affected by changes
in the market price for gold. |
The market price for
gold can fluctuate widely, as a result of numerous factors
beyond AngloGold’s control, including: |
| |
| - |
speculative positions
taken by investors or traders in gold; |
| - |
changes in the
demand for gold use in jewellery, for industrial uses
and for investment; |
| - |
changes in the
supply of gold from production, disinvestment, scrap
and hedging; |
| - |
financial market
expectations regarding the rate of inflation; |
| - |
the strength of
the US Dollar (the currency in which the gold price
trades internationally) relative to other currencies; |
| - |
changes in interest
rates; |
| - |
actual or expected
gold sales by central banks; |
| - |
gold sales by
gold producers in forward transactions; |
| - |
global or regional
political or economic events; and |
| - |
costs of gold
production in major gold-producing nations, such as
South Africa, the United States and Australia. |
|
| |
The price of gold is
often subject to sharp, short-term changes resulting from
speculative activities. While the overall supply of and demand
for gold can affect its market price, because of the considerable
size of above-ground stocks of the metal in comparison to
other commodities, these factors typically do not affect the
price in the same manner or degree as the supply of and demand
for other commodities tend to affect their market price.
The following table presents the annual high, low and average
afternoon fixing prices over the past 10 years, expressed
in US Dollars, for gold per ounce, on the London Bullion Market:
|
| |
| Year |
High |
Low |
Average |
|
| 1994 |
396 |
370 |
384 |
|
| 1995 |
396 |
372 |
384 |
|
| 1996 |
415 |
367 |
388 |
|
| 1997 |
367 |
283 |
331 |
|
| 1998 |
314 |
273 |
287 |
|
| 1999 |
340 |
252 |
278 |
|
| 2000 |
317 |
262 |
279 |
|
| 2001 |
298 |
253 |
271 |
|
| 2002 |
347 |
278 |
310 |
|
| 2003 |
417 |
320 |
364 |
|
|
| * Source of Data: Metals Week, Reuters and
London Bullion Market Association. |
| |
On 27 February 2004,
the afternoon fixing price of gold on the London Bullion Market
was US$395.85/oz.
AngloGold’s current average total cash costs and total
production costs are significantly below prevailing market
prices. If revenue from gold sales falls below the cost of
production for an extended period, AngloGold may experience
losses and be forced to curtail or suspend some or all of
its capital projects and/or operations and change its past
dividend payment policies. In addition, it would have to assess
the economic impact of low gold prices on its ability to recover
any losses it may incur during that period and on its ability
to maintain adequate cash and accounting reserves. The current
price of gold is significantly in excess of AngloGold’s
total cost of production.
AngloGold’s use of hedging instruments to protect
against low gold prices and exchange rate movements may prevent
it from realising all potential gains resulting from subsequent
gold price increases in the future.
AngloGold currently uses hedging instruments to fix the selling
price of a portion of its respective anticipated gold production
and to protect its revenues against unfavourable gold price
and exchange rate movements. While the use of these instruments
may protect against a drop in gold prices and exchange rate
movements, it will only do so for a limited period of time
and only to the extent that the hedge remains in place. The
use of these instruments may also prevent AngloGold from realising
the positive impact on income from any subsequent favourable
increase in the price of gold on the portion of production
covered by the hedge and any subsequent favourable exchange
rate movements.
As at 31 December 2003, AngloGold’s hedge book had a
net delta of 8.6Moz and negative marked-to-market valuations
of $663.7 million, including AngloGold’s and Ashanti’s
respective 50% interests in the $154.9 million negative marked-to-market
value of the Geita hedge book.
If the negative marked-to-market value of the Geita hedge
book exceeds a specified level, AngloGold will not be able
to receive any cash from the Geita joint venture.
The Geita Joint Venture also engages in hedging transactions
with respect to production from the Geita mine. This hedging
is carried out on a margin-free basis. However, if at any
time the aggregate respective marked-to-market value of the
Geita hedge book exceeds $167.38 million (negative), AngloGold
will be restricted from receiving cash from the joint venture
until the marked-to-market negative value reduces below that
threshold. The hedging arrangements also provide for events
of default and termination that could result in early close-outs
or a default of Geita’s $66.25 million project finance
facility. The threshold of $167.38 million will increase during
the life of the Geita project finance facility as principal
repayments under the facility are made and additional coverage
becomes available under AngloGold’s political risk insurance.
|
| Uncertainty and cost of mineral exploration
and acquisitions |
| Exploration activities are speculative and
are often unproductive. These activities also often require
substantial expenditure to: |
| |
| - |
establish Mineral
Resources and Ore Reserves through drilling, and metallurgical
and other testing techniques; |
| - |
determine metal
content and metallurgical recovery processes to extract
metal from the ore; and |
| - |
construct, renovate
or expand mining and process facilities. |
|
| |
Once gold mineralisation
is discovered it can take several years to determine whether
Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves exist. During this time
the economic feasibility of production may change.
AngloGold considers from time to time the acquisition of Mineral
Resources, Ore Reserves, development properties and operating
mines, either as stand-alone assets or as part of companies.
Its decisions to acquire these properties have historically
been based on a variety of factors including historical operating
results, estimates of and assumptions about future reserves,
cash and other operating costs, metal prices and projected
economic returns and evaluations of existing or potential
liabilities associated with the property and its operations.
Other than historical operating results, all of these parameters
may differ significantly from its estimates and assumptions.
In addition, there is intense competition for attractive properties.
As a result of these uncertainties, the exploration programmes
and acquisitions engaged in by AngloGold may not result in
the expansion or replacement of current production with new
Ore Reserves or operations. This could adversely affect its
ongoing business and financial position.
Development risks. AngloGold’s profitability
depends, in part, on the actual economic returns and the actual
costs of developing mines, which may differ significantly
from its current estimates. The development of its mining
projects may be subject to unexpected problems and delays.
AngloGold’s decision to develop a mineral property is
typically based, in the case of an extension or in the case
of a new development, on the results of a feasibility study.
Feasibility studies derive estimates of expected or anticipated
project economic returns. These estimates are based on assumptions
about: |
| |
| - |
future gold and
other metal prices; |
| - |
anticipated tonnage,
grades and metallurgical characteristics of ore to be
mined and processed; |
| - |
anticipated recovery
rates of gold and other metals from the ore; |
| - |
anticipated capital
expenditure and cash operating costs; and |
| - |
the anticipated
return on investment. |
|
| |
Actual cash operating
costs, production and economic returns may differ significantly
from those anticipated by such studies and estimates. There
are a number of uncertainties inherent in the development
and construction of an extension to an existing mine, or in
the development and construction of any new mine. These uncertainties
include, in addition to those discussed immediately above:
|
| |
| • |
the timing and
cost, which can be considerable, of the construction
of mining and processing facilities; |
| • |
the availability
and cost of skilled labour, power, water and transportation
facilities; |
| • |
the availability
and cost of appropriate smelting and refining arrangements; |
| • |
the need to obtain
necessary environmental and other governmental permits
and the timing of those permits; and |
| • |
the availability
of funds to finance construction and development activities. |
|
| |
The costs, timing and
complexities of mine development and construction can increase
because of the remote location of many mining properties.
New mining operations could experience unexpected problems
and delays during development, construction and mine-startup.
In addition, delays in the commencement of mineral production
could occur. Accordingly, AngloGold’s future development
activities may not result in the expansion or replacement
of current production with new production, or one or more
of these new production sites or facilities may be less profitable
than currently anticipated or may not be profitable at all.
Ore Reserve estimation risks. AngloGold’s
Ore Reserves described in this document are the best estimates
of AngloGold’s current management as of the dates stated
and are reported in accordance with the requirements of the
United States’ Securities Exchange Commission’s
Industry Guide 7. In Australia and South Africa, AngloGold
is legally required to publicly report Ore Reserves and Mineral
Resources in accordance with the Australasian Code for Reporting
of Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (JORC Code) and the
South African Code for Reporting of Mineral Resources and
Ore Reserves (SAMREC Code).
AngloGold undertakes annual revisions to their respective
Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve estimates based upon actual
exploration and production results, depletion, new information
and fluctuations in production and economic parameters. These
factors may result in reductions in its Ore Reserve estimates,
which could adversely impact upon the life-of-mine plans and
consequently the total value of AngloGold’s mining asset
base. As a result, this in turn could have a negative impact
upon the market price of ADSs and shares. |
| |
| Mining industry risks |
Gold mining is susceptible
to numerous events that may have an adverse impact on a gold
mining business. These events include, but are not limited
to: |
| |
| - |
environmental hazards, including discharge
of metals, pollutants or hazardous chemicals; |
| - |
industrial accidents; |
| - |
underground fires; |
| - |
labour disputes; |
| - |
unexpected geological formations; |
| - |
unanticipated ground and water conditions; |
| - |
fall of ground accidents; |
| - |
failure of mining pit slopes and tailings
dam walls; |
| - |
legal and regulatory restrictions and
changes to such restrictions; |
| - |
seismic activity; and |
| - |
other natural phenomena, such as floods
or inclement weather conditions. |
|
| |
The occurrence of one
or more of these events may result in the death of, or personal
injury to, miners, the loss of mining equipment, damage to
or destruction of mineral properties or production facilities,
monetary losses, delays in production, environmental damage
and potential legal liabilities. As a result, AngloGold’s
operations could be affected and, if such effect were material,
its financial position could be adversely affected to a significant
extent.
Seismic activity is of particular concern to the gold mining
industry in South Africa, in part because of the large percentage
of deep-level gold mines. To understand and manage this risk,
AngloGold uses sophisticated seismic and rock mechanics technologies.
AngloGold has had some success with these technologies in
identifying the possible location of future seismic activity
and in the development of mine layouts, support layouts and
technologies, and mining methods to ameliorate seismic risk.
Despite these programmes and their success to date, seismic
events have in the past and may in the future cause employee
injury and death, and may cause substantial damage to AngloGold’s
operations both within South Africa and elsewhere, which could
have an adverse impact on the future results of its operations
and, consequently, its financial condition.
Gold mining operations are subject to extensive safety
and health laws and regulations.
Gold mining operations are subject to a variety of mine
safety and health laws and regulations, depending upon the
jurisdiction in which they are located. These laws and regulations
are formulated to improve and protect the safety and health
of employees.
In complying with the mine safety and health laws and regulations
to which its operations are subject, AngloGold has dedicated
resources in an attempt to achieve and to ensure the application
of international best practice in the management of health
across its operations, including medical surveillance systems.
These systems and policies have resulted in improvements in
its safety performance. AngloGold intends to implement such
systems and policies, where required, across Ashanti’s
operations since the countries in which Ashanti operates do
not currently have fully developed systems of safety and health
laws and regulations.
If these laws and regulations were to change and, if as a
result, material additional expenditure was required to comply
with such new laws and regulations, it could adversely affect
AngloGold’s financial position.
Gold mining companies are subject to extensive environmental
laws and regulations.
Gold mining companies are subject to extensive environmental
laws and regulations in the various jurisdictions in which
they operate. These regulations establish limits and conditions
on the ability of gold producers’ ability to conduct
their operations. The cost of AngloGold’s compliance
with environmental laws and regulations has been significant
in the past.
Pursuant to environmental laws and regulations, gold mining
companies are also obligated to close their operations and
rehabilitate the lands that they mine in accordance with these
laws and regulations. Estimates of the total ultimate closure
and rehabilitation costs for gold mining operations are significant
and based principally on current legal and regulatory requirements
that may change materially. AngloGold currently expenses rehabilitation
costs as incurred and provides for the anticipated costs of
compliance on a unit of production basis over the operating
life of the mine. Other environmental liabilities are accrued
when they are known, probable and can be reasonably estimated.
Environmental laws and regulations are continually changing
and are generally becoming more restrictive. If AngloGold’s
environmental compliance obligations were to change as a result
of changes in the laws and regulations or in certain assumptions
it makes to estimate liabilities, or if unanticipated conditions
were to arise in its operations, its expenses and provisions
would increase to reflect these changes. If material, these
expenses and provisions could adversely affect its results
of operations and financial position. For a discussion of
the estimated cost of the future environmental rehabilitation
obligations with respect thereto, see Note 29 “Provisions:
Environmental Rehabilitation Obligations” of AngloGold’s
consolidated audited financial statements. Additionally, for
a discussion of the effects of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources
Development Act with respect to the additional responsibilities
imposed on mining companies in South Africa in respect of
the environment and rehabilitation, see “Changes
to mineral rights ownership regimes in South Africa, where
a significant portion of AngloGold’s mineral reserves
and deposits are located, could have a material impact on
its financial position” below. |
| |
| Risks related to AngloGold’s
operations |
AngloGold faces many
risks related to its operations that may affect its cash flows
and overall profitability. |
| |
There is a risk that
the merger with Ashanti may not be implemented |
The merger of AngloGold
with Ashanti is subject to a number of conditions including
the approval by the requisite majority of Ashanti shareholders
of the Ghanaian Scheme of Arrangement and the relevant special
resolution proposed at Ashanti’s extraordinary general
meeting, the confirmation of the scheme by the High Court
of Ghana, the receipt of certain regulatory approvals and
third party consents and the absence of any material adverse
change to the business, financial condition, results of operations,
assets or liabilities of Ashanti since 31 December 2002 (other
than as publicly disclosed or announced by Ashanti prior to
the date of the transaction agreement). If the conditions
to the merger are not satisfied or, if permissible, waived
on or before 31 May 2004 or such later day as may be agreed
by AngloGold or Ashanti, AngloGold and Ashanti may terminate
the transaction agreement, in which case the scheme of arrangement
will not become effective and the merger will not be completed.
AngloGold and Ashanti are not obliged to extend the period
for the satisfaction or, if permissible, waiver of the conditions
to the merger beyond 31 May 2004. Should the merger not be
completed, the anticipated benefits of the merger will not
be realised. At this stage there is no guarantee that the
conditions to the merger will be satisfied and that the merger
will be completed. |
| |
| Foreign exchange
fluctuations could have a material impact on AngloGold’s
operating results and financial position. |
Since June 2002, the
weakening of the US Dollar against the South African Rand,
and, to a lesser extent, the Brazilian Real, the Argentinean
Peso and the Australian Dollar has had a negative effect on
AngloGold’s profitability. Conversely, in certain prior
years, the devaluation of these local currencies against the
US Dollar had a significant positive effect on the profitability
of its operations. Typically, revenues are derived in US Dollars
and production costs are largely incurred in the relevant
local currency. In 2003 and 2002, AngloGold derived approximately
77% and 73%, respectively, of its revenues from these countries
and approximately 79% and 74%, respectively, of production
costs in these local currencies. In 2003, the weakening of
the US Dollar against these local currencies accounted for
nearly $47/oz, or 69% of the total increase in total cash
costs compared with a decrease in 2002 of $24/oz. In addition,
production costs in South African Rands, Brazilian Reals,
Argentinean Pesos and Australian Dollars were only modestly
offset by the effect of exchange rate movements on the price
of imports denominated in US Dollars, as imported products
comprise a small proportion of production costs in each of
these countries. AngloGold’s product, gold, is principally
a US Dollar-priced commodity, and most of its revenues are
realised in US Dollars. The weakening of the US Dollar, without
a corresponding increase in the US Dollar price of gold against
these local currencies results in lower revenues and higher
production costs in US Dollar terms. Conversely, the strengthening
of the US Dollar, without a corresponding decrease in the
US Dollar price of gold, against these local currencies yields
significantly higher revenues and lower production costs in
US Dollar terms. If material, these exchange rate movements
may have an adverse impact on AngloGold’s operating
results. For example, due to the strengthening of the South
African Rand against the US Dollar, production costs at AngloGold’s
South African operations increased in US Dollar terms during
the second half of 2002 compared to the first half. This trend
continued in 2003 due to the continued weakening of the US
Dollar relative to currencies in many of the countries in
which AngloGold operates. These impacts have been partially
offset in 2003 by the increase in the US Dollar price of gold,
which increase has been partially a function of US Dollar
weakness.
To a lesser extent, mainly as a result of its hedging instruments,
a small proportion of AngloGold’s revenues are denominated
in South African Rand and Australian Dollars, which may partially
offset the effect of the US Dollar’s strength or weakness
on AngloGold’s profitability.
In addition, due to its global operations and local foreign
exchange regulations, some of AngloGold’s funds are
held in local currencies, such as the South African Rand and
Australian Dollar. The US Dollar value of these currencies
may be affected by exchange rate fluctuations. If material,
exchange rate movements may affect AngloGold’s overall
financial position. |
| |
| Inflation may have
a negative impact on AngloGold’s results of operations. |
Most of AngloGold’s
operations are located in countries that have historically
experienced high rates of inflation. AngloGold’s operations
have not been materially adversely affected by inflation in
recent years. However, because it is unable to control the
market price at which it sells the gold it produces (except
to the extent that it enters into forward sales and other
derivative contracts), it is possible that significantly higher
inflation in the future in the countries in which AngloGold
operates, result in a consequent increase in operational costs
in local currencies, without a concurrent devaluation of the
local currency of operations against the US Dollar or an increase
in the US Dollar price of gold. This could have a material
adverse effect upon the results of AngloGold’s operations
and financial condition.
While none of its specific operations are currently materially
adversely affected by inflation, significantly higher and
sustained inflation in the future, with a consequent increase
in operational costs, could result in operations being discontinued,
or reduced and rationalised at higher cost mines. |
| |
| Changes to mineral
rights ownership regimes in South Africa, where a significant
portion of AngloGold’s mineral reserves and deposits
are located, could have a material impact on its financial
position. |
AngloGold’s rights
to own and exploit mineral reserves and deposits are governed
by the laws and regulations of the jurisdictions in which
the mineral properties are located. Currently, a significant
portion of AngloGold’s mineral reserves and deposits
are located in South Africa.
In October 2002, the President of South Africa assented to
the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (MPRDA),
which had been passed by Parliament in June 2002. It will
take effect on a date to be proclaimed by the President, which
is expected to be in May 2004. Until then the existing regulatory
regime for mineral rights will remain in place whereby the
holder of mineral rights is entitled to mine on obtaining
a mining authorisation from South Africa. AngloGold owns substantially
all the mineral rights for which it holds mining authorisations.
The MPRDA vests custodianship of South Africa’s mineral
resources in the State, which will issue prospecting rights
or mining rights to applicants in the future. The existing
common law prospecting, mining and mineral rights will cease
to exist but transitional arrangements are provided in order
to give holders of existing rights the opportunity to convert
their current rights into new rights.
Where AngloGold holds mineral rights and mining authorisations
and is conducting mining operations on the date on which the
MPRDA comes into effect, it will be able within five years
from the date of effectiveness of the MPRDA to submit the
old rights and authorisations for conversion to new mining
rights. AngloGold will need to submit a mining work programme
and thereby to substantiate the area and period of the new
rights, and also to comply with the requirements of the Charter
as described below. A similar procedure applies where it holds
prospecting rights and a prospecting permit and is conducting
prospecting operations, but AngloGold must apply for conversion
to new prospecting rights within two years from the date of
effectiveness of the MPRDA for which purpose a prospecting
work programme must be submitted. Where AngloGold holds unused
rights, however, it will have one year to apply for new prospecting
rights or mining rights, the requirements which are more stringent
than for conversion, requiring, for example, non-concentration
of resources, fair competition, no exclusionary effects, and
proof of financial and technical ability.
Even where new rights are obtained under the MPRDA, these
rights will not be equivalent to the existing rights. The
area covered by the new rights may be reduced by the State
if it finds that the prospecting or mining work programme
submitted by an applicant does not substantiate the need to
retain the area covered by the old rights. The duration of
the new rights will no longer be perpetual but rather, in
the case of new mining rights, for a maximum of 30 years with
renewals of up to 30 years each and, in the case of prospecting
rights, up to five years with one renewal of up to three years.
The MPRDA provides for a retention period after prospecting
of up to three years with one renewal of up to two years,
subject to certain conditions, such as non-concentration of
resources, fair competition, and non-exclusion of others.
In addition, the new rights will only be transferable subject
to the approval of the Minister of Minerals and Energy. Mining
or prospecting must commence within one year or 120 days,
respectively, of the mining right or prospecting right becoming
effective, and must be conducted continuously and actively
thereafter.
The new rights can be suspended or cancelled by the Minister
of Minerals and Energy on breach or, in the case of a mining
right, on non-optimal mining in accordance with the mining
work programme. |
| |
| New Royalty Bill |
| - |
The new rights
will be subject to a State royalty calculated on gross
revenue as proposed in the draft Mineral and Petroleum
Royalty Bill, 2003, which was released in March 2003
for comment, and which proposes a royalty payment of
3% of gross revenue per annum, payable quarterly, in
the case of gold. As proposed, royalty payments will
commence upon the conversion and granting of a new mining
right. AngloGold and other members of the South African
mining community have submitted comments on the draft
bill to the relevant authorities. These comments included
recommendations for a profit-based rather than a revenue-based
royalty and in order not to delay the conversion of
mineral rights from old to new order mining rights,
that the proposed royalty should only become payable
from a fixed date being five years after the MPRDA takes
effect, which date is the final date for the conversion
of old order to new order mining rights under the MPRDA.
In addition, a reduction in the royalty rate from that
proposed in the draft Mineral and Petroleum Royalty
Bill has been proposed. On 18 February 2004, in the
Budget Speech for the 2004 fiscal year, the South African
Minister of Finance announced several refinements to
the draft Mineral and Petroleum Royalty Bill. These
include a delay in the introduction of the royalty to
five years after the introduction of the MRPDA and confirmation
of the South African Government’s preference for
a revenue-based royalty. It was further indicated that
the royalty regime would take cognisance of the mining
sector’s diverse production and profitability
dynamics with differential rates to apply to marginal
mining operations. The proposed royalty will have an
adverse impact upon AngloGold’s profitability
as currently no royalty is payable. |
| - |
The MPRDA calls
for a Charter to be developed by the Minister of Minerals
and Energy within six months of commencement of the
Act, the content of which has largely been agreed with
mining industry representatives (including AngloGold),
and with representatives of other stakeholders. The
Charter’s stated objectives include the: |
| |
| - |
expansion
of opportunities for persons disadvantaged by
unfair discrimination under the previous political
dispensation; |
| - |
expansion
of the skills base of such persons; |
| - |
promotion
of employment and advancement of the social and
economic welfare of mining communities; and |
| - |
promotion
of beneficiation, or the crushing and separation
of ore into valuable substances or waste within
South Africa. |
|
|
| |
The Charter requires
that each mining company achieve 15% ownership by historically
disadvantaged South Africans of its South African mining assets
within five years and 26% ownership within ten years. It contemplates
that this will be achieved by, amongst other things, disposals
of assets by mining companies to historically disadvantaged
persons on a willing seller–willing buyer basis at fair
market value. In addition, the Charter requires mining companies
to formulate plans for achieving employment equity at management
level with a view to achieving 40% participation by historically
disadvantaged persons in management and 10% participation
by women in the mining industry, each within five years. When
considering applications for the conversion of existing rights,
the State will take a scorecard approach, evaluating the commitments
of each company to the different facets of promoting the objectives
of the Charter. The draft scorecard was published by the South
African government in February 2003.
AngloGold fully supports the principle that the mining industry
and the wider South African economy have to find ways of dealing
with the legacy of the country’s history in a manner
that promotes economic development and growth. AngloGold has
made progress in adjusting the ownership structure of its
South African mining assets and the composition of its management
consistent with the Charter’s spirit. It believes that
it is well placed to meet the Charter’s targets in accordance
with the scorecard.
AngloGold has completed a number of asset sales to companies
owned by historically disadvantaged persons in the past four
years, which meet the requirements of the Charter and the
scorecard. According to AngloGold’s estimates based
on operating data for the 12 months ended 30 September 2003,
these transactions transfer 22.4% of its attributable units
of production in South Africa to historically disadvantaged
persons. However, AngloGold would expect the State to conduct
its own assessment of these transfers when it submits its
conversions or applications for acquisition of new rights
to replace its existing rights. In addition, it is continuing
to evaluate alternative ways in which to achieve the objectives
of the Charter through, for example, forms of broad-based
equity ownership by historically disadvantaged entities, groups
or individuals, including employee share ownership and empowerment
unit trusts.
AngloGold believes that it has made significant progress towards
meeting the requirements of the Charter and the scorecard
in human resource development, employment equity, mine community
and rural development, housing and living conditions, procurement
and beneficiation. It will also reflect these results when
it lodges its conversions or applications for acquisition
of new rights to replace its existing rights. The performance
under the criteria set by the Charter and the scorecard will
be assessed by the State upon the occurrence of such lodgements
or applications. Details of the State’s methodology
for calculating performance regarding to beneficiation have,
however, not yet been made public. Failure on the part of
AngloGold to comply with the requirements of the Charter and
the scorecard could subject AngloGold to negative consequences.
AngloGold may also incur expenses in giving additional effect
to the Charter and the scorecard, including costs which it
may incur in facilitating the financing of initiatives towards
ownership by historically disadvantaged persons as part of
the industry-wide commitment to assist such persons in securing
financing of R100 billion during the first five years of the
Charter’s life. There is furthermore no guarantee that
any steps AngloGold might take to comply with the Charter
would ensure that it could successfully acquire new mining
rights in place of its existing rights. In addition, the terms
of such new rights may not be as favourable to AngloGold as
the terms applicable to its existing rights. Based on present
indications, however, AngloGold believes that it should be
able successfully to acquire new rights on reasonable terms.
The MPRDA also imposes on mining companies additional responsibilities
relating to environmental management and to environmental
damage, degradation or pollution resulting from their prospecting
or mining activities. AngloGold has a policy of evaluating,
minimising and addressing the environmental consequences of
its activities and, consistent with this policy and the MPRDA,
has undertaken a review of the environmental costs and liabilities
associated with its South African operations in light of the
new, as well as the existing, environmental requirements.
While this examination could result in an increase in AngloGold’s
compliance costs and accruals for environmental remediation
following the proposed merger with Ashanti, it is not certain
at this stage whether these costs or liabilities will have
a material adverse effect on AngloGold’s financial condition
or results of operations. |
| |
| A majority of AngloGold's
mineral reserves and deposits and mining operations are located
in countries that face political and economic risks. |
The mineral deposits
and mining operations of AngloGold are located mainly in Africa
and, to a lesser extent, South American countries. Countries
in these regions, to a greater or lesser extent, have experienced
political instability and economic uncertainty in the past.
More recently, certain of the countries in which AngloGold
operates and in particular South Africa, have achieved greater
political and economic stability. Nevertheless, in some of
the countries where AngloGold operates, government policy
may be unpredictable, and the institutions of government and
market economy may be unstable and subject to rapid and unpredictable
change.
Any existing and new mining operations and projects carried
out by AngloGold in these countries are and will be subject
to various national and local laws, policies and regulations
governing the prospecting, developing and mining of mineral
reserves, taxation, exchange controls, investment approvals,
employee relations and other matters. If, in one or more of
these countries, AngloGold could not obtain or maintain necessary
permits, authorisations or agreements to implement planned
projects or continue its operations under conditions or within
time frames that make such plans and operations economic,
or if legal or fiscal regimes or the governing political authorities
change materially, its financial position could be adversely
affected.
In South Africa, on 18 February 2004, in the Budget Speech
for the 2004 fiscal year, the Minister of Finance announced
that due to the new regulatory system for the mining rights
in terms of the MRPDA and accompanying royalty dispensation
under the draft Mineral and Petroleum Royalty Bill, it has
become imperative to reassess holistically the current fiscal
regime as applicable to the mining and petroleum industries
in South Africa, including tax depreciation, rate differentiation
for mining sectors, allowable deductions and exemptions from
Secondary Tax on Companies in terms of South Africa’s
income tax regime. Also due for review is the gold mining
tax formula, which provides income tax exemption and relief
from Secondary Tax on Companies for gold mines despite the
existence of profit. The impact of these proposed reviews
is unknown at this stage and any material adverse change arising
from there could have an adverse impact upon the financial
position of AngloGold.
In certain circumstances, AngloGold will be required to seek
the consent of regulators and other governmental authorities
before it can undertake significant transactions, such as
disposals of assets. It may not be able to obtain these consents
expeditiously or at all. |
| |
| Labour disruptions
in South Africa and other countries could have an adverse
effect on AngloGold’s operating results and financial
condition. |
As at 31 December 2003,
approximately 87% (2002: 88%) of AngloGold’s workforce
was located in South Africa.
More than 75% of the workforce on its South African operations
is unionised, with the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM)
representing the majority of unionised workers. AngloGold’s
employees in some South American countries are also highly
unionised. In the past, trade unions have had a significant
impact on AngloGold’s collective bargaining process,
as well as on social and political reforms, most notably in
South Africa. In 1987, the NUM embarked on a three-week strike
in support of a wage demand. Since then AngloGold and the
industry have not experienced any work stoppages due to wage
negotiations. It has become practice to negotiate wages and
conditions of employment with the unions every two years,
through the Chamber of Mines of South Africa. The most recent
settlement negotiation was completed in July 2003, when the
parties reached an agreement covering the period from 1 July
2003 to 30 June 2005. Furthermore, AngloGold has instituted
a number of processes at both mine and at company level, whereby
management and unions interact regularly and address areas
of difference as they arise.
It is uncertain whether labour disruptions will be used to
advocate labour, political or social causes in the future.
Should any labour disruptions occur, if material, they could
have an adverse effect on AngloGold’s results of operations
and financial condition. |
| |
| AngloGold faces
certain risks in dealing with HIV/AIDS which may have an adverse
effect on its operations. |
AIDS and tuberculosis
(which is exacerbated in the presence of HIV/AIDS) remain
the major health care challenges faced by AngloGold’s
South African operations. A significant portion, approximately
30%, of its South African workforce is believed to be infected
with the HI virus. AngloGold is continuing to develop and
implement various programmes aimed at helping those who have
been infected with HIV and preventing new infections. On 14
November 2002, it announced that it had begun implementing
a monitored pilot anti-retroviral therapy programme for volunteer
employees in South Africa who are infected with HIV. The pilot
programme involved offering a triple combination drug regimen,
known as a drug cocktail, to 200 Wellness Clinic patients
(being AngloGold employees) that met the medical eligibility
criteria for starting treatment. From April 2003, it commenced
a roll-out of the treatment to all eligible employees desiring
it.
At this stage, the drug cocktail alone costs approximately
$70 per participating employee per month. It is not yet possible
to develop an accurate cost estimate of the programme in its
entirety, given uncertainties such as drug prices and the
ultimate rate of employee participation. Based on its estimates,
AngloGold believes that the cost of managing and treating
the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic would be significantly
lower than the cost of ignoring it and failing to take measures
to manage and treat it.
AngloGold does not expect the cost that it will incur related
to the prevention of HIV infection and the treatment of AIDS
to materially and adversely affect its operations and profitability.
Nevertheless, it is not possible to determine with certainty
the costs that it may incur in the future in addressing this
issue, and consequently, its operations and profitability
could be adversely affected. |
| |
| The occurrence of
events for which AngloGold is not insured or for which its
insurance is inadequate may affect its cash flows and overall
profitability. |
AngloGold maintains
insurance to protect only against catastrophic events which
could have a significant adverse impact on its operations
and profitability. This insurance is maintained in amounts
that are believed to be reasonable depending upon the circumstances
surrounding each identified risk. However, AngloGold’s
insurance does not cover all potential risks associated with
its business. In addition, AngloGold may elect not to insure
for certain risks, due to the high premiums associated with
insuring those risks or for various other reasons, including
an assessment that the risks are remote. Furthermore, AngloGold
may not be able to obtain insurance coverage at acceptable
premiums. AngloGold has a captive insurance company, namely
AGRe Insurance Company Limited, which participates at various
levels in certain of the insurances maintained by AngloGold.
The occurrence of events for which it is not insured may adversely
affect AngloGold’s cash flows and overall profitability. |
| |
| Insider trading |
| AngloGold does not
permit directors and key employees (that is, employees having
access to price sensitive information) to trade in company
shares during closed periods. Key employees trading in company
shares are required to notify and obtain the necessary consent
from the company secretarial function which determines whether
such trading is permissible. A list of persons regarded as
key employees for this purpose has been approved by the board
and is revised from time to time. Directors wishing to trade
in the company shares are required to notify and obtain the
necessary consent from the chairman of the Remuneration Committee,
or his or her deputy. The chairman of the Remuneration Committee,
or his deputy, consults with the managing secretary to determine
if the trading is permissible. Closed periods are operated
prior to the publication of the quarterly, half-yearly and
year-end results. Where appropriate, a closed period is also
operative during periods where major transactions are being
negotiated and a public announcement is imminent. |
| |
| Employee participation |
| The company has in
place a variety of strategies and structures, designed to
promote employee participation. These strategies and structures
are further developed and adapted from time to time to meet
variations in operational requirements and to accommodate
changing circumstances. Management and employee representatives
meet in formal and informal forums at company and operational
levels to share information and to address matters of mutual
interest. |
| |
| Employment equity and development |
| In October 2003, AngloGold
submitted its third annual employment equity report to the
Department of Labour on progress made with the implementation
of the company’s employment equity plan in respect of
its South African operations. The 2003 report indicates that
continued progress has been made year-on-year, most notably
in the category of technicians and associated professionals,
where the percentage of designated employees has increased
from 27% to 30%.
The employment equity governance structures and monitoring
processes have been entrenched at company and business unit
levels. A Mining Charter Steering Committee has been established
to lead and direct the overall process of compliance with
the charter. Four strategic issues have been identified to
enable the company to meet the employment equity objectives: |
| |
| • |
accelerating progress towards achieving
targets; |
| • |
retention of talented employees; |
| • |
facilitating the employment of women,
and |
| • |
improving communication with all employees
regarding issues concerning employment equity. |
|
| |
Measures are being implemented
to address these issues. The following is a summary of the
2003 report as required by section 22(1) of the Employment
Equity Act of 1998. |
| |
| Employment Equity Report |
Occupational
categories |
Total |
Black
males |
White
males |
Black
females |
White
females |
Total
desig-
nated |
%
desig-
nated |
Total |
Black
males |
White
males |
Black
females |
White
females |
Total
desig-
nated |
%
desig-
nated |
| Legislators, senior officials and
managers |
158 |
8 |
142 |
1 |
7 |
16 |
10 |
149 |
6 |
136 |
1 |
6 |
13 |
9 |
| Professionals |
909 |
77 |
747 |
9 |
76 |
162 |
18 |
881 |
62 |
739 |
10 |
70 |
142 |
16 |
| Technicians and associate professionals |
1,697 |
321 |
1,196 |
14 |
166 |
501 |
30 |
1,640 |
290 |
1,192 |
12 |
146 |
448 |
27 |
| Clerks |
1,218 |
684 |
220 |
89 |
225 |
998 |
82 |
1,165 |
662 |
192 |
80 |
231 |
973 |
84 |
| Craft and related trades workers |
3,583 |
1,629 |
1,733 |
48 |
173 |
1,850 |
52 |
3,523 |
1,553 |
1,768 |
37 |
165 |
1,755 |
50 |
| Plant & machine operators and assemblers |
5,458 |
5,187 |
81 |
135 |
55 |
5,377 |
99 |
5,313 |
5,085 |
60 |
120 |
48 |
5,253 |
99 |
| Elementary occupations |
26,142 |
25,642 |
132 |
364 |
4 |
26,010 |
99 |
26,149 |
25,830 |
80 |
236 |
3 |
26,069 |
100 |
| Total permanent |
39,165 |
33,548 |
4,251 |
660 |
706 |
34,914 |
89 |
38,820 |
33,488 |
4,167 |
496 |
669 |
34,653 |
89 |
| Non-permanent employees |
7,996 |
7,085 |
730 |
155 |
26 |
7,266 |
91 |
6,414 |
5,691 |
687 |
32 |
4 |
5,727 |
89 |
| Total |
47,161 |
40,633 |
4,981 |
815 |
732 |
42,180 |
89 |
45,234 |
39,179 |
4,854 |
528 |
673 |
40,380 |
89 |
|
The category Blacks includes Coloureds and
Indians. Included in the above are 556 people with disabilities.
The above employee numbers are as at 1 August 2003 and exclude
AngloGold Health Services as they submit a separate report to
the Department of Labour. |
| |
| Communication |
| AngloGold subscribes
to a policy of full, accurate and consistent communication
in respect of both its financial and operating affairs. The
company regularly enters into dialogue with institutional
and private investors on the basis of the guidelines of promptness,
relevance, transparency and substance over form, having due
regard to statutory, regulatory and other directives prohibiting
the dissemination of unpublished and price-sensitive information
by the company and its directors and officers. In addition
to the facilities offered by the corporate secretarial function
and the company’s share registrars, AngloGold has established
an investor relations and communications programme in South
Africa, Europe, Asia, the United States and Australia, to
maintain contact with members of the investing communities
and the media around the world.
The company encourages shareholders to attend its general
meetings, which provide opportunities for shareholders to
ask questions of the board, including the chairmen of the
various standing committees of the board, or their representatives.
International media and investor briefings, which include
telephonic and web-based conference calls, are held when the
company’s results are announced at quarterly intervals
and when events require disclosure and discussion. The company
also has a website containing up-to-date information.
Copies of all corporate presentations are posted onto the
company’s website. In addition, shareholders are informed
at the meeting of the results of voting, in person and by
proxy, in respect of all ordinary and special resolutions
proposed under special business at the meeting.
Executive directors also hold face-to-face meetings with the
company’s institutional shareholders around the world
during the year to discuss company performance and the proposed
merger between AngloGold and Ashanti.
Equally high value is placed on the process of internal communication
to all employees at the company’s corporate office and
operating units. |
| |
| Sustainable development |
| AngloGold continues
to be committed to sustainable development in all the regions
in which it operates. An innovation is that the company’s
2003 Report to Society is published as a web-based document
simultaneously with this report. It can be accessed from the
home page of the company’s website and is designed to
enable easy access to the reader’s particular area of
interest, either in terms of geographical area or discipline.
Also, for the first time, key aspects of this report have
been reviewed by independent auditors,PricewaterhouseCoopers.
During the year the company participated in the inaugural
JSE Socially Responsible Investment Index. AngloGold
welcomes the initiative shown by the JSE and awaits the publication
of its index during the first half of 2004.
For the second year in a row AngloGold participated in the
Edward Nathan and Friedland (ENF) Sustainability Index.
Both the JSE and ENF indices seek to examine the performance
of participating companies in terms of each company’s
triple bottom line, that is each company’s attitude
and actions in respect of the environment, society and economy,
or in the words of the World Summit for Sustainable Development,
2002, “planet, people, prosperity”.
In the inaugural 2002 ENF Sustainability Index, AngloGold
was ranked first in the sustainability assessment.
Further details on AngloGold’s activities in respect
of each of its regions is available under the Review of Operations,
at pages 18 to 30 of this report. Details of the company’s
actions in respect of HIV/AIDS, beneficiation, social investment
and code of ethics are also available from the company website
in the Report to Society. |
| |
| Company ethics and business principles |
| The company is committed
to the highest standards of integrity, and ethical and legal
conduct in dealings with all its stakeholders. Principles
of corporate business conduct, which outline the ethical and
professional management practices that AngloGold upholds,
have been adopted by the board. Individuals and entities doing
business with AngloGold are expected to observe the same level
of commitment to group integrity. The dissemination of these
principles of business conduct to all levels of employees
at all regions is in progress. These principles are available
on the company website. The company is confident that these
principles are being adhered to.
Business principles detailing the company’s approach
to community and social development issues and its labour
practices have also been formulated on a group-wide basis.
These principles were in the process of being further refined
with internal stakeholders during 2003. This will continue
in 2004, and will be the subject of a comprehensive internal
communications campaign during 2004 and beyond.
In addition, a policy providing for the confidential reporting
of acts of fraud, dishonesty, and other acts of an unethical
and illegal nature was finalised. The procedures and mechanisms
for such reporting are already functional, and permit the
confidential reporting via facsimile, anonymous e-mail and
a toll-free telephone facility to the group internal audit
manager, who is functionally and operationally independent
of management. Once a report is made, the matter will be investigated
and appropriate action taken. Information on the reporting
mechanisms and the policy on such reporting will be communicated
to all employees by means of a roll-out campaign and through
the company intranet.
As the company’s code of ethics and confidential reporting
policy and programmes have been newly introduced, it is still
early to gauge the extent to which there is adherence to the
company’s ethical standards. AngloGold will be able
to assess the actual levels of adherence to its ethics once
the confidential reporting policy has had time to filter through
to employees. The findings of the internal and external audit
functions have revealed no significant breaches of the company’s
ethics. The company is, therefore, confident that there is
a high level of adherence to its ethical standards. |
| |
| Access to information |
| The company has complied
with its obligations in terms of the South African Promotion
of Access to Information Act of 2000, and the company’s
manual is available from the company website and the company
secretarial department. |
| |
| Sponsor |
| UBS acts as sponsor
to the company in compliance with the Listings Requirements
of the JSE. |
| |
|
| |
|
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