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Corporate governance
 
AngloGold is committed to the principles and practice of good corporate governance. The King Report on Corporate Governance (2002) (the King Report) and the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act have significantly altered the corporate governance landscape. Except where otherwise stated, AngloGold’s practices and policies remain in compliance with the values enshrined in the King Report and the directors have complied with the King Report requirements for the entire year under review. The management continues to address particular areas where the company’s governance position needs to be aligned to the recommendations contained in this Report.

AngloGold’s shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in the form of ADSs that are administered by The Bank of New York by means of an American Depositary Receipt programme. Many of the applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act have yet to come into force and management continues to implement the requirements as they arise.

The company continues to pursue excellence in corporate governance practices and achieved the following during the year:
AngloGold’s Annual Report 2002 received a merit award at the distinguished South African Annual Report Award ceremony, sponsored by amongst others, the JSE Securities Exchange South Africa;
AngloGold won the award for Best Investor Relations Website for 2003, and was the runner-up for the Best Overall Investor Relations Company Award, at the Investor Relations Magazine South Africa Conference & Awards 2003;
introduced a Nominations Committee, which reports to the AngloGold Board;
revised terms of reference for the Audit Committee, placing corporate governance within its ambit and renaming of the committee the Audit and Corporate Governance Committee;
attained the highest rank in the Edward Nathan and Friedland (ENF) Sustainability Index 2002;
appointed independent auditors PricewaterhouseCoopers to review the 2003 AngloGold Report to Society;
adopted an AngloGold Code of Ethics;
adopted a code of ethics for the chief executive officer, principal financial officer and senior financial officers;
provided the mechanisms for the confidential reporting of unethical and/or illegal conduct; and
AngloGold, in the interests of transparency and accountability, was the first publicly listed company in South Africa to fully disclose its policy on party political donations. The policy is available from the company website.
 
The board is presently engaged in a process of determining the policy and procedures for appraising its effectiveness and that of each individual director. This process will be finalised during the course of 2004.
 
The board of directors
The company has a unitary board structure comprising four executive directors and 10 non-executive directors. Details of each of the directors are available on pages 37 and 38 of this report. The board meets at least on a quarterly basis to discuss and review issues of strategy, planning, operational and financial performance, acquisitions and disposals, major capital expenditure, stakeholder communications and other material issues reserved for its decision. Further meetings are held as and when required.

The board consists of a group of directors which together possesses the necessary knowledge, expertise and experience to contribute meaningfully to the deliberations of the board, and continue to be committed to principles of corporate discipline, accountability, transparency, independence, fairness and social responsibility.

The board charter detailing the composition, powers, authority, responsibilities and procedures of the board, selection criteria for directors, and incorporating key elements of ethical standards for directors, is publicly available from the company website. As required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act the board has furthermore adopted a code of ethics for the chief executive officer, principal financial officer and senior financial officers. This code will be made available on the company website.

The Remuneration Committee is responsible for evaluating the performance of the chief executive officer and for determining all issues affecting executive remuneration.

The appointment of new directors is a matter for the board as a whole. In accordance with best practice, the board’s Nominations Committee, chaired by an independent non-executive chairman, has been appointed to assist the board in considering and selecting eligible members to the board.

An agenda, the minutes of the previous meeting and supporting documentation to assist directors in making informed decisions is provided to all board and board committee members prior to meetings being held. Furthermore, all directors have unrestricted access to, and may inspect, all documentation and property held by the company. The directors also have unrestricted access to the managing and company secretaries for advice and information.

Directors attend all board and committee meetings as far as practicable. Meetings are mainly held in the corporate offices in Johannesburg, and where feasible, video and telephone conferencing facilities are provided when directors cannot be present at the venue.

In addition to the four scheduled board meetings held during the year, five special meetings were held. Details of dates and attendance by the directors at the nine board meetings held in 2003 are provided below:
 
 
Directors                  
R P Edey (Chairman)
Dr T J Motlatsi (Deputy-Chairman) A A
F B Arisman A
Mrs E le R Bradley A
C B Brayshaw A A
A W Lea A A
(Alternate: P G Whitcutt) ? ? ? A ? ? ? A ?
W A Nairn A
(Alternate: A H Calver) ? ? A ? ? ? ? ? ?
J Ogilvie Thompson A
(Alternate: D D Barber) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
N F Oppenheimer A
A J Trahar
                   
Executive Directors                  
R M Godsell
J G Best A
D L Hodgson
K H Williams A
 
Key
* =
Special board meeting to discuss the proposed merger between AngloGold and Ashanti Goldfields Company Limited.
=
Attended meeting either personally or via conferencing facilities
A =
Absent from meeting, with apologies and leave having been granted
=
Not required for the meeting
 
A special board sub-committee met on 20 March 2003 to approve the company’s 2002 20-F filing to the US Securities and Exchange Commission.

A special board sub-committee met on 8 May 2003 to discuss the proposed merger with Ashanti.
 
The directors
The executive directors are appointed by the board to oversee the day-to-day running of the company through effective supervision of management. Executive directors are held accountable by regular reporting to the board, and their performance is measured against predetermined criteria as well as the performance of their respective business units. The performances of the executive directors are considered relative to the prevailing business climate. Bonuses paid to executive directors are a reflection of the performance of each of the directors and the company as a whole. Executive directors have elected to receive no remuneration as directors of the company.

Only executive directors have contracts of employment with the company. There are no contracts of service between the directors and the company, or any of its subsidiaries, that are terminable at periods of notice exceeding one year and requiring the payment of compensation. All directors are subject to retirement by rotation and re-election by shareholders at least once every three years. In addition, all directors are subject to re-election by shareholders at the first annual general meeting following their appointment, and sufficient biographical detail is supplied to shareholders for informed decisions to be made on the re-election of directors.

Non-executive directors provide the board with invaluable and balanced advice and experience that is independent of management and the executive. Crucially, nonexecutive directors play an integral part in company activities not just through their membership of the board, but also through their representation on all board committees where their individual knowledge and experience contributes to the deliberations of the committees. In addition to executive directors supervising management, management is held accountable to the board committees, as non-executive directors are able to have strategic oversight of management decisions and actions, and to advise on strategy and planning.

Five of the non-executive directors, including the chairman and deputy chairman, are independent as defined in the JSE Securities Exchange Listings Requirements. The board is of the view that the number and calibre of the independent directors serving on it, and their representation on board committees, ensures the company’s interests receive impartial views that are separate of management and shareholders. The five independent directors are: Messrs F B Arisman, C B Brayshaw and R P Edey, Dr T J Motlatsi and Mrs E le R Bradley.

The board has approved a fit and proper policy for directors and company secretaries. This policy will be applied to all new appointments of board members and company secretaries.

The roles of chief executive officer and chairman have been separate since 2002 when Russell Edey was appointed board chair and Bobby Godsell retained the chief executive’s position.

The fees of non-executive directors are fixed by shareholders at the annual general meeting, and other than the fees they receive for their participation on board committees and an allowance for travelling internationally to attend board meetings, non-executive directors receive no further payments from the company.

A managing secretary and company secretary advise the board on compliance with procedural and regulatory aspects of a legal nature, and are active in guiding the board on all corporate governance issues.

Policies and procedures are in place to allow directors to seek independent professional advice at the company’s expense. This enables the directors and board committees to act independently of management where this is deemed necessary.
 
Board committees
The company’s activities span a wide range of disciplines and activities. Board committees have been established to oversee the development of strategy, ensure its implementation and to report to the board on important issues facing the company. The committees play a vital role in enhancing the effectiveness of the board and assist the board in discharging its duties and responsibilities. The committees comprise members of the board, are chaired (in the main) by a non-executive director, and meet a number of times each year. Each committee fulfils a specific mandate entrusted to it by the board and has written terms of reference governing its particular sphere of activity, membership requirements and reporting procedures, together with details of its powers, rights and obligations. Members of each committee are chosen having regard to each member’s knowledge, experience and ability to provide a meaningful contribution to the committee’s particular mandate. Management, who attend the meetings by invitation, report to the committees on their activities, and important issues requiring a decision are raised with the members of the committees. An agenda, supporting documentation and full justification for decisions required are provided prior to each committee meeting. Minutes of each committee meeting are circulated to members and the board. The chairman of each committee prepares reports for each board meeting detailing the committee’s activities for the preceding period and, where necessary, attends the annual general meeting to answer any questions raised by shareholders.

The remuneration of board committee members is determined by the board. At present, the chairman of a board committee receives R50,000 per annum, and members receive R30,000 each per annum. Executive directors receive no remuneration for membership of board committees.

A description of each board committee is provided below.
 
Executive Committee
Members: R M Godsell (Chairman), J G Best, D L Hodgson, and K H Williams

The Executive Committee comprises the four executive directors, and is chaired by the chief executive officer. The committee meets on a weekly basis with a mandate to review operational activities and the performance of the group, develop strategy and policy proposals for consideration by the board, and implement board directives.

The Operations Committee has been established as a sub-committee of the Executive Committee to assist in the execution of certain of its duties and responsibilities. The Operations Committee is chaired by the chief operating officer, meets on a regular basis, and comprises the executive officers in charge of each of the operational regions, together with the executive officers for human resources, corporate affairs, business planning, and designated senior managers appointed by the Executive Committee. The purpose of the subcommittee is to oversee and monitor the performance of the operational activities, implement the strategic objectives of the company, and to report to the Executive Committee on important areas of concern.
 
Audit and Corporate Governance Committee
Members: C B Brayshaw (Chairman), F B Arisman Mrs E le R Bradley and R P Edey

In accordance with best practice the terms of reference for this committee were amended during the year to incorporate the corporate governance discipline within the committee’s mandate. The committee comprises only independent non-executive directors and its mandate covers the sphere of duties relating to accounting policies, internal control, financial reporting practices, identification of exposure to significant risks and all corporate governance issues. The committee meets at least five times a year.

On 30 July 2003, Peter Whitcutt, who had been a member of this committee, resigned, and Frank Arisman was appointed in his stead.

The board has determined that the board chairman possesses skills and experience necessary to contribute meaningfully to the committee’s deliberations as a member rather than an invitee. The board also considers it unnecessary for the chief executive to be a member of the committee and that he should rather attend meetings by invitation only.

To assist the committee in discharging its responsibilities, internal audits are performed at all of the operating units of the company under the auspices and direction of the group internal audit manager. Teams of suitable, qualified and experienced employees perform the internal audits. The committee has approved an Internal Audit Charter that governs the activities, powers and duties of the internal audit function, and this charter is reviewed annually. The primary mandate of the group’s internal auditors is to provide an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve the organisation’s operations. This is done by a systematic, disciplined approach to review, evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, internal control and governance processes. This process would bring material deficiencies, instances of non-compliance, high-risk exposure and development needs to the attention of the group internal audit manager and operational management for resolution. The board has obtained assurance from management, the internal auditors and the external auditors, that there have been no significant breakdowns in internal control systems during the year.

The committee is responsible for the appointment and removal of the group internal audit manager. This committee and the executive committee consider it unnecessary for the group internal audit manager to report administratively to the chief executive officer, and has determined that she report administratively to the finance director and functionally to the committee. The internal audit manager has unrestricted access to the chief executive, the board chairman and the chairman of the committee, and is invited to attend and report on her department’s activities at all committee meetings. The board is confident that the unfettered access of the group internal audit manager to key board members and the direct and regular reporting to the committee, together with her calibre and integrity, enables her to discharge her duties as required by law and in fulfilment of her obligations to the company.

The committee has access to all records of the internal audit team. The group’s external audit partner has unrestricted access to the chairman of the committee and, where necessary, to the chairman of the board and chief executive officer. Important findings arising from audit procedures are brought to the attention of the committee and reported to the board.

The committee is responsible for the appointment, removal and oversight of the activities of the external auditors. In addition, the committee set the principles for recommending the use of the external auditors for non-audit services. The committee approves all external consulting services and other charges levied by the external auditors.

The committee met five times during 2003, with the external audit partner, the group’s internal audit manager and the corporate accounting manager, to review the audit plans of the internal and external auditors, to ascertain the extent to which the scope of the audit can be relied upon to detect weaknesses in internal controls and to review the quarterly and half-yearly financial results, the preliminary announcement of the annual results and the annual financial statements, as well as all statutory submissions of a financial nature, prior to approval by the board.

All committee members attended these meetings personally, or were included in the proceedings through teleconferencing facilities, except as indicated below:

Date of meeting   Apologies tendered
24 January 2003  
20 February 2003   Mrs E le R Bradley
25 April 2003  
25 July 2003  
24 October 2003   Mrs E le R Bradley

A sub-committee met on 20 March 2003 to review the company’s annual report on Form 20-F prior to approval by the board and subsequent submission to the SEC.
 
Employment Equity and Development Committee
Members: Dr T J Motlatsi (Chairman), F B Arisman, R M Godsell, D L Hodgson and W A Nairn

The committee met on four occasions during the year, chaired by the board deputy chairman. It comprises three non-executive directors, as well as the chief executive and chief operating officers. The purpose of the committee is to facilitate the development of opportunities in the company for all employees and to encourage employees to achieve their optimal levels of career development in the company, with due recognition being given to the diversity of the society in which the company operates.

All members attended the meetings, either personally or through the provision of teleconferencing facilities, except where specifically mentioned below:

Date of meeting   Apologies tendered
24 January 2003  
16 April 2003  
29 July 2003   W A Nairn
22 October 2003   R M Godsell
 
Investment Committee
Members: R P Edey (Chairman), J G Best, Mrs E le R Bradley, A W Lea, W A Nairn and K H Williams

Chaired by a non-executive director, the committee is composed of four non-executive directors, as well as the executive directors for finance and marketing, and meets as and when required. The mandate of the committee is to assess and evaluate capital projects, and ensure that investments, disinvestments and financing proposals are in accordance with the company’s primary objective of creating wealth for its shareholders on a sustainable long-term basis.

Four meetings were held during 2003. All members attended the meetings, either personally or through the provision of teleconferencing facilities, except where specifically mentioned below:

Date of meeting   Apologies tendered
27 January 2003  
22 April 2003   Mrs E le R Bradley
29 July 2003   W A Nairn
23 October 2003   Mrs E le R Bradley
 
Market Development Committee
Members: Mrs E le R Bradley (Chairman), F B Arisman, R M Godsell, Dr T J Motlatsi and K H Williams

AngloGold is committed both to the production of gold and the development of the market for gold itself. To this end this committee has been established to extend the influence of AngloGold as a major global gold company, in the development of a broader gold business, both nationally and internationally. Victor Fung, who had been a member of this committee, did not stand for re-election to the board and accordingly, ceased to be a member of the board after 30 April 2003. The committee, which met twice during the year, is composed of three non-executive directors, the chief executive officer and the executive director for marketing. All members attended the meetings, either personally or through the provision of teleconferencing facilities, except where specifically mentioned below:

Date of meeting   Apologies tendered
29 January 2003   Dr V K Fung
29 July 2003   Dr T J Motlatsi
 
Nominations Committee
Members: R P Edey (Chairman), F B Arisman, Mrs E le R Bradley, C B Brayshaw, Dr T J Motlatsi and A J Trahar

The committee was established during the year and has yet to meet. It is chaired by the board chairman, and is composed solely of non-executive directors, the majority of whom are independent directors as defined in the JSE Listings Requirements. The mandate of the committee is to assist the board in determining the criteria for new appointments to the board, to select and advise the board on eligible candidates, and to put in place succession plans particularly for the chairman of the board and the chief executive officer.
 
Remuneration Committee
Members: R P Edey (Chairman), C B Brayshaw, N F Oppenheimer, J Ogilvie Thompson and A J Trahar

The Remuneration Committee, which comprises exclusively non-executive directors, is primarily responsible for approving the remuneration policies of the company. Further details of this committee are available in the Remuneration Report. Colin Brayshaw was appointed as a member of the committee on 30 July 2003.

The committee meets as and when required, with a minimum of one meeting per annum. Three meetings of the committee were held during 2003. All members attended the meetings, either personally or through the provision of teleconferencing facilities.

Date of meeting   Apologies tendered
27 January 2003  
29 April 2003  
30 July 2003  
 
Safety, Health and Sustainable Development Committee
Members: W A Nairn (Chairman), R M Godsell and Dr T J Motlatsi

The committee’s brief is to evaluate the social, economic, environmental and health impacts of the company’s operations on both local and global communities. One of the primary objectives of this committee is the elimination of all work-related accidents. The committee conducts on-site inspections in regard to matters of serious concern.

The committee, which comprises two non-executive directors and the chief executive officer, met on four occasions during 2003. All members attended the meetings, either personally or through the provision of teleconferencing facilities, except where specifically mentioned below:

Date of meeting   Apologies tendered
24 January 2003  
16 April 2003  
25 July 2003   R M Godsell
22 October 2003   R M Godsell
 
Other committees
In addition to the board committees, other committees have been established to oversee the effective day-to-day management of the company. These committees meet on a regular basis and are detailed below:

The Treasury Committee meets on a monthly basis and is chaired by a non-executive director, and comprises key officers in the finance and marketing disciplines. The committee is tasked with discussing and valuating market conditions, treasury operations and future hedging strategies. The members of this committee are:

C B Brayshaw (Chairman) Non-executive Director
J G Best Executive Director, Finance
S Cassim East and West Africa Region, Financial Manager
R N Duffy Executive Officer, Business Planning
Ms D Earp Manager, Corporate Accounting
R P H Hayes Manager, Treasury
Ms H H Hickey Manager, Group Internal Audit
Ms C A Hoad Manager, Risk
M P Lynam Treasurer
K H Williams Executive Director, Marketing

The Finance Committee, chaired by the executive director for finance, meets on a regular basis, and comprises key officers in the finance, marketing and legal disciplines. The committee has responsibility for strategy and monitoring of all financial and administrative aspects of the company.

The committee’s membership is as follows:

J G Best (Chairman) Executive Director, Finance
S Barua Legal compliance Manager
R C Croll Manager, mining valuations
PJ G Dennison Manager, mergers and acquisitions
R N Duffy Executive officer, Business planning
Ms D Earp Manager, Corporate accounting
Ms H H Hickey Manager, Group internal audit
S J Lenahan Executive officer, Corporate affairs
M P Lynam Treasurer
O C Murphy Manager, Corporate taxation
Ms Y Z Simelane Managing secretary
 
Company secretarial function
The company secretarial function consists of both a managing secretary and a company secretary. The managing secretary bears overall responsibility for the company secretarial function. Appointment and removal of the managing secretary and company secretary are matters for the board.

The managing secretary and company secretary advise the directors, both collectively and individually, on compliance with procedural and regulatory aspects of a legal nature, ensuring awareness of applicable laws and regulations, guiding the board on all corporate governance and ethical issues, as well as advising the directors on their rights, duties and powers. The in-house legal department reports to the managing secretary and assists the company secretarial function should any questions or issues arise. In addition, the company secretarial function has access to a legal counsel who reports to the managing secretary on all compliance and corporate governance issues affecting the company. The company secretarial function also plays a crucial role in the induction of new directors.

Policies and procedures affecting directors and the board as a whole are developed by the company secretarial function in consultation with the Executive Committee, prior to submission and approval by the board. During the year, policies and procedures were developed for directors and the board including directors’ rights to seek independent professional advice, the induction of new directors, and the development of fit and proper standards for the appointment of directors. Terms of reference of the various board committees are developed either by, or in consultation with, the company secretarial function, prior to submission to the board for formal approval.

Together with the investor relations department, the company secretarial function also provides a direct communications link with investors, and liaises with the company’s share registrars on all issues affecting shareholders. The company secretarial function, in consultation with other departments, also provides mandatory information required by various regulatory bodies and stock exchanges on which the company is listed.

The managing secretary and company secretary are also responsible for compliance with all the statutory requirements in regard to the administration of the Share Incentive Scheme. Directors and officers report dealing in shares of the company to the company secretarial function who in turn report the dealings to the board. The managing secretary and company secretary are also required to ensure that minutes of all shareholders’, board and board committees’ meetings are properly recorded in accordance with the South African Companies Act of 1973.
 
Management
Although the board bears overall responsibility for the company, management (together with the executive directors) is the custodian and administrator of the day-to-day performance of the company. Management therefore plays a significant role in the corporate governance of the company. The executive directors are the board functionaries who assume control and guide the activities and actions of management. Management also reports to the various board committees and receives direction and guidance on issues of strategy and planning from such committees.

Those chosen to assume managerial positions are appointed on the basis of their qualifications, experience and ability to contribute meaningfully to the company’s best interests. Integrity and honesty are qualities expected of management, as this is central to the practice of good corporate governance.

Management has engaged, and is engaging in an extensive review of its current practices and is satisfied that it complies with its corporate governance obligations. A multi-disciplinary Disclosures Committee has been established by management to review and monitor company practices and obligations, and to ensure appropriate, effective and timely disclosures are made to the various regulatory bodies.
 
Succession planning
AngloGold recognises that it is in its best interests, and those of its stakeholders, to ensure that it continues to operate and function effectively, with minimal disruption, should key personnel resign or retire. Competent, credible and appropriately qualified candidates are selected and groomed to take over key positions in the event of a vacancy arising in senior managerial positions. A talent management programme is in place to harness, nurture and maximise the potential of promising employees. The Nominations Committee is briefed inter alia to put in place plans for the succession of the chairman of the board and the chief executive officer.
 
Corporate governance guidelines
AngloGold’s Corporate Governance Guidelines are available from the company website. These guidelines include the board charter, business principles, code of ethics for the chief executive officer and financial officers, board committees’ terms of reference, and other policies of the company.
 
Annual financial statements
The directors are required by the South African Companies Act to maintain adequate accounting records and are responsible for the preparation of the annual financial statements which fairly present the state of affairs of the company and the AngloGold group at the end of the financial year, and the results of operations and cash flow for the year, in conformity with generally accepted accounting practice and in terms of the JSE Listings Requirements.

In preparing the annual financial statements reflected in US Dollars and SA Rands on pages 42 to 140, the group has complied with South African Statements of Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (SA GAAP) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and has used appropriate accounting policies supported by reasonable and prudent judgements and estimates. The directors are of the opinion that these financial statements fairly present the financial position of the company and the group at 31 December 2003, and the results of their operations and cash flow information for the year then ended.

The directors have reviewed the group’s business plan and cash flow forecast for the year to 31 December 2004. On the basis of this review, and in the light of the current financial position and existing borrowing facilities, the directors are satisfied that AngloGold is a going concern and have continued to adopt the going-concern basis in preparing the financial statements.

The external auditors, Ernst & Young, are responsible for independently auditing and reporting on the financial statements in conformity with Generally Accepted Auditing Standards, IFRS and the Companies Act. Their unqualified report on these financial statements appears on page 41.

To comply with requirements for reporting by non-US companies registered with the SEC, the company has prepared a set of financial statements (Form 20-F) in accordance with US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP) which will be available from The Bank of New York to holders of the company’s securities listed in the form of American Depositary Shares on the NYSE. Copies of the Form 20-F will also be available to stakeholders and other interested parties upon request to the company’s corporate office or its contacts as listed on the back cover of this report. In compliance with the requirements of the NYSE, a condensed consolidated income statement, balance sheet, statement of cash flows and brief financial notes based on US GAAP are included on pages 141 to 144 in this report. A condensed reconciliation between IFRS and US GAAP is supplied as supplementary information (pages 145 to 147).

In terms of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the chief executive officer and chief financial officer are required to complete a group certificate stating that the financial statements and reports are not misleading and that they fairly present the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows in all material respects. The design and effectiveness of the internal controls, including disclosure controls, are also included in the declaration. As part of the process, a declaration is also made that all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses, fraud involving management or employees who play a significant role in internal control, and significant changes that could impact on the internal control environment, are disclosed to the Audit and Corporate Governance Committee and the board.
 
Risk management and internal control
The board has ultimate responsibility for the total risk management process within the group. The board reviews and approves the risk strategy and policies that are formulated by the executive directors and senior management. Management is accountable to the board and has established a group-wide system of internal control to manage significant group risk. This system assists the board in discharging its responsibility for ensuring that the wide range of risks associated with the group’s global operations are effectively managed in support of the creation and preservation of shareholder wealth. The risk management policies are communicated to all relevant employees.

Corporate governance is viewed as a strategic response to pursuing opportunities in a manner that is balanced by taking prudent risks, appropriately mitigated in exchange for measurable rewards. A full review of the risk, control and disclosure processes is undertaken annually to ensure that all additional requirements are incorporated into the system in the future. The systems are in place and the focus is on ensuring that the requirements of the King Report 2002 and the Sarbanes- Oxley Act are complied with timeously.

The management of risk encompasses all significant business risks, including operational and financial risk, which could undermine the achievement of business objectives. The board has approved the level of acceptable risk and required that operations manage and report in terms thereof. Issues and circumstances, which could give rise to material adverse reputation considerations, are also considered to be unacceptable risk.

There is clear accountability for risk management. The requisite risk and control capability is assured through board control and appropriate management selection and skills development. Managers are supported in giving effect to their risk responsibilities through sound policies and guidelines on control management. Continual monitoring of risk and control processes, across significant risk areas, provides the basis for regular and exceptional reporting to the Audit and Corporate Governance and Executive committees. In the event of failure or disaster, continuity plans are in place with regard to critical processes.

For key risk areas, group risk owners have been appointed and board policies issued. The risk assessment and reporting criteria are designed to provide the board with a consistent, group-wide perspective of the key risks. The system of internal control, which is embedded in all key operations, provides reasonable assurance, rather than absolute assurance, that the group’s business objectives will be achieved within the levels of risk tolerance defined by the board.

Regular management reports, which provide a balanced assessment of key risks, are an important component of board assurance. Additional sources include assertions by divisional heads as well as board committees established to focus on specific risks such as safety, health and sustainability, and capital investment. The board also receives assurance from the Audit and Corporate Governance Committee, which derives its information, in part, from regular internal and external audit reports on risk and internal control throughout the group.

The company has a sound system of internal control, based on the group’s policies and guidelines, in all material associates and joint ventures. Where this is not possible, the directors, who represent AngloGold’s interests on the boards of these entities, seek assurance that significant risks are being managed.

In conducting its annual review of the effectiveness of risk management in terms of the Turnbull requirements of the Combined Code – Principles of Good Corporate Governance and Code of Best Practice in the United Kingdom, the board considers the key findings from the ongoing monitoring and reporting process, management assertions and independent assurance reports. The board also takes account of material changes and trends in the risk profile, and considers whether the control system, including reporting, adequately supports the board in achieving its risk management objectives. In addition, business unit heads and corporate risk owners are required to sign off abbreviated certificates confirming their understanding of their responsibility for internal controls. They are also required to certify that their disclosure in relation to their internal controls is transparent and that there are no untrue statements or omissions in their reporting process.

During the course of the year the board considered the group’s responsiveness to changes within its business environment, and systems of control. The board is satisfied that there is an ongoing process for identifying, evaluating and managing the significant risks faced by the group.
 
Risk factors
This section describes some of the risks that could materially affect AngloGold. Additional risk factors not presently known to AngloGold or that AngloGold currently deems immaterial may also impair the business operations of AngloGold.

The risk factors set forth in this document have been organised into two categories:
 
- risks related to the gold mining industry generally; and
- risks related to AngloGold’s operations.
 
Risks related to the gold mining industry generally
 
The profitability of AngloGold’s operations, and the cash flows generated by these operations, are significantly affected by changes in the market price for gold.
The market price for gold can fluctuate widely, as a result of numerous factors beyond AngloGold’s control, including:
 
-
speculative positions taken by investors or traders in gold;
-
changes in the demand for gold use in jewellery, for industrial uses and for investment;
-
changes in the supply of gold from production, disinvestment, scrap and hedging;
-
financial market expectations regarding the rate of inflation;
-
the strength of the US Dollar (the currency in which the gold price trades internationally) relative to other currencies;
-
changes in interest rates;
-
actual or expected gold sales by central banks;
-
gold sales by gold producers in forward transactions;
-
global or regional political or economic events; and
-
costs of gold production in major gold-producing nations, such as South Africa, the United States and Australia.
 
The price of gold is often subject to sharp, short-term changes resulting from speculative activities. While the overall supply of and demand for gold can affect its market price, because of the considerable size of above-ground stocks of the metal in comparison to other commodities, these factors typically do not affect the price in the same manner or degree as the supply of and demand for other commodities tend to affect their market price.

The following table presents the annual high, low and average afternoon fixing prices over the past 10 years, expressed in US Dollars, for gold per ounce, on the London Bullion Market:
 
Year High Low Average  
1994 396 370 384  
1995 396 372 384  
1996 415 367 388  
1997 367 283 331  
1998 314 273 287  
1999 340 252 278  
2000 317 262 279  
2001 298 253 271  
2002 347 278 310  
2003 417 320 364  
* Source of Data: Metals Week, Reuters and London Bullion Market Association.
 
On 27 February 2004, the afternoon fixing price of gold on the London Bullion Market was US$395.85/oz.

AngloGold’s current average total cash costs and total production costs are significantly below prevailing market prices. If revenue from gold sales falls below the cost of production for an extended period, AngloGold may experience losses and be forced to curtail or suspend some or all of its capital projects and/or operations and change its past dividend payment policies. In addition, it would have to assess the economic impact of low gold prices on its ability to recover any losses it may incur during that period and on its ability to maintain adequate cash and accounting reserves. The current price of gold is significantly in excess of AngloGold’s total cost of production.

AngloGold’s use of hedging instruments to protect against low gold prices and exchange rate movements may prevent it from realising all potential gains resulting from subsequent gold price increases in the future.

AngloGold currently uses hedging instruments to fix the selling price of a portion of its respective anticipated gold production and to protect its revenues against unfavourable gold price and exchange rate movements. While the use of these instruments may protect against a drop in gold prices and exchange rate movements, it will only do so for a limited period of time and only to the extent that the hedge remains in place. The use of these instruments may also prevent AngloGold from realising the positive impact on income from any subsequent favourable increase in the price of gold on the portion of production covered by the hedge and any subsequent favourable exchange rate movements.

As at 31 December 2003, AngloGold’s hedge book had a net delta of 8.6Moz and negative marked-to-market valuations of $663.7 million, including AngloGold’s and Ashanti’s respective 50% interests in the $154.9 million negative marked-to-market value of the Geita hedge book.

If the negative marked-to-market value of the Geita hedge book exceeds a specified level, AngloGold will not be able to receive any cash from the Geita joint venture.

The Geita Joint Venture also engages in hedging transactions with respect to production from the Geita mine. This hedging is carried out on a margin-free basis. However, if at any time the aggregate respective marked-to-market value of the Geita hedge book exceeds $167.38 million (negative), AngloGold will be restricted from receiving cash from the joint venture until the marked-to-market negative value reduces below that threshold. The hedging arrangements also provide for events of default and termination that could result in early close-outs or a default of Geita’s $66.25 million project finance facility. The threshold of $167.38 million will increase during the life of the Geita project finance facility as principal repayments under the facility are made and additional coverage becomes available under AngloGold’s political risk insurance.

Uncertainty and cost of mineral exploration and acquisitions
Exploration activities are speculative and are often unproductive. These activities also often require substantial expenditure to:
 
-
establish Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves through drilling, and metallurgical and other testing techniques;
-
determine metal content and metallurgical recovery processes to extract metal from the ore; and
-
construct, renovate or expand mining and process facilities.
 
Once gold mineralisation is discovered it can take several years to determine whether Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves exist. During this time the economic feasibility of production may change.

AngloGold considers from time to time the acquisition of Mineral Resources, Ore Reserves, development properties and operating mines, either as stand-alone assets or as part of companies. Its decisions to acquire these properties have historically been based on a variety of factors including historical operating results, estimates of and assumptions about future reserves, cash and other operating costs, metal prices and projected economic returns and evaluations of existing or potential liabilities associated with the property and its operations. Other than historical operating results, all of these parameters may differ significantly from its estimates and assumptions. In addition, there is intense competition for attractive properties.

As a result of these uncertainties, the exploration programmes and acquisitions engaged in by AngloGold may not result in the expansion or replacement of current production with new Ore Reserves or operations. This could adversely affect its ongoing business and financial position.

Development risks. AngloGold’s profitability depends, in part, on the actual economic returns and the actual costs of developing mines, which may differ significantly from its current estimates. The development of its mining projects may be subject to unexpected problems and delays.

AngloGold’s decision to develop a mineral property is typically based, in the case of an extension or in the case of a new development, on the results of a feasibility study. Feasibility studies derive estimates of expected or anticipated project economic returns. These estimates are based on assumptions about:
 
-
future gold and other metal prices;
-
anticipated tonnage, grades and metallurgical characteristics of ore to be mined and processed;
-
anticipated recovery rates of gold and other metals from the ore;
-
anticipated capital expenditure and cash operating costs; and
-
the anticipated return on investment.
 
Actual cash operating costs, production and economic returns may differ significantly from those anticipated by such studies and estimates. There are a number of uncertainties inherent in the development and construction of an extension to an existing mine, or in the development and construction of any new mine. These uncertainties include, in addition to those discussed immediately above:
 
the timing and cost, which can be considerable, of the construction of mining and processing facilities;
the availability and cost of skilled labour, power, water and transportation facilities;
the availability and cost of appropriate smelting and refining arrangements;
the need to obtain necessary environmental and other governmental permits and the timing of those permits; and
the availability of funds to finance construction and development activities.
 
The costs, timing and complexities of mine development and construction can increase because of the remote location of many mining properties. New mining operations could experience unexpected problems and delays during development, construction and mine-startup. In addition, delays in the commencement of mineral production could occur. Accordingly, AngloGold’s future development activities may not result in the expansion or replacement of current production with new production, or one or more of these new production sites or facilities may be less profitable than currently anticipated or may not be profitable at all.

Ore Reserve estimation risks. AngloGold’s Ore Reserves described in this document are the best estimates of AngloGold’s current management as of the dates stated and are reported in accordance with the requirements of the United States’ Securities Exchange Commission’s Industry Guide 7. In Australia and South Africa, AngloGold is legally required to publicly report Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources in accordance with the Australasian Code for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (JORC Code) and the South African Code for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (SAMREC Code).

AngloGold undertakes annual revisions to their respective Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve estimates based upon actual exploration and production results, depletion, new information and fluctuations in production and economic parameters. These factors may result in reductions in its Ore Reserve estimates, which could adversely impact upon the life-of-mine plans and consequently the total value of AngloGold’s mining asset base. As a result, this in turn could have a negative impact upon the market price of ADSs and shares.
 
Mining industry risks
Gold mining is susceptible to numerous events that may have an adverse impact on a gold mining business. These events include, but are not limited to:
 
- environmental hazards, including discharge of metals, pollutants or hazardous chemicals;
- industrial accidents;
- underground fires;
- labour disputes;
- unexpected geological formations;
- unanticipated ground and water conditions;
- fall of ground accidents;
- failure of mining pit slopes and tailings dam walls;
- legal and regulatory restrictions and changes to such restrictions;
- seismic activity; and
- other natural phenomena, such as floods or inclement weather conditions.
 
The occurrence of one or more of these events may result in the death of, or personal injury to, miners, the loss of mining equipment, damage to or destruction of mineral properties or production facilities, monetary losses, delays in production, environmental damage and potential legal liabilities. As a result, AngloGold’s operations could be affected and, if such effect were material, its financial position could be adversely affected to a significant extent.

Seismic activity is of particular concern to the gold mining industry in South Africa, in part because of the large percentage of deep-level gold mines. To understand and manage this risk, AngloGold uses sophisticated seismic and rock mechanics technologies. AngloGold has had some success with these technologies in identifying the possible location of future seismic activity and in the development of mine layouts, support layouts and technologies, and mining methods to ameliorate seismic risk. Despite these programmes and their success to date, seismic events have in the past and may in the future cause employee injury and death, and may cause substantial damage to AngloGold’s operations both within South Africa and elsewhere, which could have an adverse impact on the future results of its operations and, consequently, its financial condition.

Gold mining operations are subject to extensive safety and health laws and regulations.

Gold mining operations are subject to a variety of mine safety and health laws and regulations, depending upon the jurisdiction in which they are located. These laws and regulations are formulated to improve and protect the safety and health of employees.

In complying with the mine safety and health laws and regulations to which its operations are subject, AngloGold has dedicated resources in an attempt to achieve and to ensure the application of international best practice in the management of health across its operations, including medical surveillance systems. These systems and policies have resulted in improvements in its safety performance. AngloGold intends to implement such systems and policies, where required, across Ashanti’s operations since the countries in which Ashanti operates do not currently have fully developed systems of safety and health laws and regulations.

If these laws and regulations were to change and, if as a result, material additional expenditure was required to comply with such new laws and regulations, it could adversely affect AngloGold’s financial position.

Gold mining companies are subject to extensive environmental laws and regulations.

Gold mining companies are subject to extensive environmental laws and regulations in the various jurisdictions in which they operate. These regulations establish limits and conditions on the ability of gold producers’ ability to conduct their operations. The cost of AngloGold’s compliance with environmental laws and regulations has been significant in the past.

Pursuant to environmental laws and regulations, gold mining companies are also obligated to close their operations and rehabilitate the lands that they mine in accordance with these laws and regulations. Estimates of the total ultimate closure and rehabilitation costs for gold mining operations are significant and based principally on current legal and regulatory requirements that may change materially. AngloGold currently expenses rehabilitation costs as incurred and provides for the anticipated costs of compliance on a unit of production basis over the operating life of the mine. Other environmental liabilities are accrued when they are known, probable and can be reasonably estimated.

Environmental laws and regulations are continually changing and are generally becoming more restrictive. If AngloGold’s environmental compliance obligations were to change as a result of changes in the laws and regulations or in certain assumptions it makes to estimate liabilities, or if unanticipated conditions were to arise in its operations, its expenses and provisions would increase to reflect these changes. If material, these expenses and provisions could adversely affect its results of operations and financial position. For a discussion of the estimated cost of the future environmental rehabilitation obligations with respect thereto, see Note 29 “Provisions: Environmental Rehabilitation Obligations” of AngloGold’s consolidated audited financial statements. Additionally, for a discussion of the effects of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act with respect to the additional responsibilities imposed on mining companies in South Africa in respect of the environment and rehabilitation, see “Changes to mineral rights ownership regimes in South Africa, where a significant portion of AngloGold’s mineral reserves and deposits are located, could have a material impact on its financial position” below.
 
Risks related to AngloGold’s operations
AngloGold faces many risks related to its operations that may affect its cash flows and overall profitability.
 
There is a risk that the merger with Ashanti may not be implemented
The merger of AngloGold with Ashanti is subject to a number of conditions including the approval by the requisite majority of Ashanti shareholders of the Ghanaian Scheme of Arrangement and the relevant special resolution proposed at Ashanti’s extraordinary general meeting, the confirmation of the scheme by the High Court of Ghana, the receipt of certain regulatory approvals and third party consents and the absence of any material adverse change to the business, financial condition, results of operations, assets or liabilities of Ashanti since 31 December 2002 (other than as publicly disclosed or announced by Ashanti prior to the date of the transaction agreement). If the conditions to the merger are not satisfied or, if permissible, waived on or before 31 May 2004 or such later day as may be agreed by AngloGold or Ashanti, AngloGold and Ashanti may terminate the transaction agreement, in which case the scheme of arrangement will not become effective and the merger will not be completed. AngloGold and Ashanti are not obliged to extend the period for the satisfaction or, if permissible, waiver of the conditions to the merger beyond 31 May 2004. Should the merger not be completed, the anticipated benefits of the merger will not be realised. At this stage there is no guarantee that the conditions to the merger will be satisfied and that the merger will be completed.
 
Foreign exchange fluctuations could have a material impact on AngloGold’s operating results and financial position.
Since June 2002, the weakening of the US Dollar against the South African Rand, and, to a lesser extent, the Brazilian Real, the Argentinean Peso and the Australian Dollar has had a negative effect on AngloGold’s profitability. Conversely, in certain prior years, the devaluation of these local currencies against the US Dollar had a significant positive effect on the profitability of its operations. Typically, revenues are derived in US Dollars and production costs are largely incurred in the relevant local currency. In 2003 and 2002, AngloGold derived approximately 77% and 73%, respectively, of its revenues from these countries and approximately 79% and 74%, respectively, of production costs in these local currencies. In 2003, the weakening of the US Dollar against these local currencies accounted for nearly $47/oz, or 69% of the total increase in total cash costs compared with a decrease in 2002 of $24/oz. In addition, production costs in South African Rands, Brazilian Reals, Argentinean Pesos and Australian Dollars were only modestly offset by the effect of exchange rate movements on the price of imports denominated in US Dollars, as imported products comprise a small proportion of production costs in each of these countries. AngloGold’s product, gold, is principally a US Dollar-priced commodity, and most of its revenues are realised in US Dollars. The weakening of the US Dollar, without a corresponding increase in the US Dollar price of gold against these local currencies results in lower revenues and higher production costs in US Dollar terms. Conversely, the strengthening of the US Dollar, without a corresponding decrease in the US Dollar price of gold, against these local currencies yields significantly higher revenues and lower production costs in US Dollar terms. If material, these exchange rate movements may have an adverse impact on AngloGold’s operating results. For example, due to the strengthening of the South African Rand against the US Dollar, production costs at AngloGold’s South African operations increased in US Dollar terms during the second half of 2002 compared to the first half. This trend continued in 2003 due to the continued weakening of the US Dollar relative to currencies in many of the countries in which AngloGold operates. These impacts have been partially offset in 2003 by the increase in the US Dollar price of gold, which increase has been partially a function of US Dollar weakness.

To a lesser extent, mainly as a result of its hedging instruments, a small proportion of AngloGold’s revenues are denominated in South African Rand and Australian Dollars, which may partially offset the effect of the US Dollar’s strength or weakness on AngloGold’s profitability.

In addition, due to its global operations and local foreign exchange regulations, some of AngloGold’s funds are held in local currencies, such as the South African Rand and Australian Dollar. The US Dollar value of these currencies may be affected by exchange rate fluctuations. If material, exchange rate movements may affect AngloGold’s overall financial position.
 
Inflation may have a negative impact on AngloGold’s results of operations.
Most of AngloGold’s operations are located in countries that have historically experienced high rates of inflation. AngloGold’s operations have not been materially adversely affected by inflation in recent years. However, because it is unable to control the market price at which it sells the gold it produces (except to the extent that it enters into forward sales and other derivative contracts), it is possible that significantly higher inflation in the future in the countries in which AngloGold operates, result in a consequent increase in operational costs in local currencies, without a concurrent devaluation of the local currency of operations against the US Dollar or an increase in the US Dollar price of gold. This could have a material adverse effect upon the results of AngloGold’s operations and financial condition.

While none of its specific operations are currently materially adversely affected by inflation, significantly higher and sustained inflation in the future, with a consequent increase in operational costs, could result in operations being discontinued, or reduced and rationalised at higher cost mines.
 
Changes to mineral rights ownership regimes in South Africa, where a significant portion of AngloGold’s mineral reserves and deposits are located, could have a material impact on its financial position.
AngloGold’s rights to own and exploit mineral reserves and deposits are governed by the laws and regulations of the jurisdictions in which the mineral properties are located. Currently, a significant portion of AngloGold’s mineral reserves and deposits are located in South Africa.

In October 2002, the President of South Africa assented to the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (MPRDA), which had been passed by Parliament in June 2002. It will take effect on a date to be proclaimed by the President, which is expected to be in May 2004. Until then the existing regulatory regime for mineral rights will remain in place whereby the holder of mineral rights is entitled to mine on obtaining a mining authorisation from South Africa. AngloGold owns substantially all the mineral rights for which it holds mining authorisations.

The MPRDA vests custodianship of South Africa’s mineral resources in the State, which will issue prospecting rights or mining rights to applicants in the future. The existing common law prospecting, mining and mineral rights will cease to exist but transitional arrangements are provided in order to give holders of existing rights the opportunity to convert their current rights into new rights.

Where AngloGold holds mineral rights and mining authorisations and is conducting mining operations on the date on which the MPRDA comes into effect, it will be able within five years from the date of effectiveness of the MPRDA to submit the old rights and authorisations for conversion to new mining rights. AngloGold will need to submit a mining work programme and thereby to substantiate the area and period of the new rights, and also to comply with the requirements of the Charter as described below. A similar procedure applies where it holds prospecting rights and a prospecting permit and is conducting prospecting operations, but AngloGold must apply for conversion to new prospecting rights within two years from the date of effectiveness of the MPRDA for which purpose a prospecting work programme must be submitted. Where AngloGold holds unused rights, however, it will have one year to apply for new prospecting rights or mining rights, the requirements which are more stringent than for conversion, requiring, for example, non-concentration of resources, fair competition, no exclusionary effects, and proof of financial and technical ability.

Even where new rights are obtained under the MPRDA, these rights will not be equivalent to the existing rights. The area covered by the new rights may be reduced by the State if it finds that the prospecting or mining work programme submitted by an applicant does not substantiate the need to retain the area covered by the old rights. The duration of the new rights will no longer be perpetual but rather, in the case of new mining rights, for a maximum of 30 years with renewals of up to 30 years each and, in the case of prospecting rights, up to five years with one renewal of up to three years. The MPRDA provides for a retention period after prospecting of up to three years with one renewal of up to two years, subject to certain conditions, such as non-concentration of resources, fair competition, and non-exclusion of others. In addition, the new rights will only be transferable subject to the approval of the Minister of Minerals and Energy. Mining or prospecting must commence within one year or 120 days, respectively, of the mining right or prospecting right becoming effective, and must be conducted continuously and actively thereafter.

The new rights can be suspended or cancelled by the Minister of Minerals and Energy on breach or, in the case of a mining right, on non-optimal mining in accordance with the mining work programme.
 
New Royalty Bill
-
The new rights will be subject to a State royalty calculated on gross revenue as proposed in the draft Mineral and Petroleum Royalty Bill, 2003, which was released in March 2003 for comment, and which proposes a royalty payment of 3% of gross revenue per annum, payable quarterly, in the case of gold. As proposed, royalty payments will commence upon the conversion and granting of a new mining right. AngloGold and other members of the South African mining community have submitted comments on the draft bill to the relevant authorities. These comments included recommendations for a profit-based rather than a revenue-based royalty and in order not to delay the conversion of mineral rights from old to new order mining rights, that the proposed royalty should only become payable from a fixed date being five years after the MPRDA takes effect, which date is the final date for the conversion of old order to new order mining rights under the MPRDA. In addition, a reduction in the royalty rate from that proposed in the draft Mineral and Petroleum Royalty Bill has been proposed. On 18 February 2004, in the Budget Speech for the 2004 fiscal year, the South African Minister of Finance announced several refinements to the draft Mineral and Petroleum Royalty Bill. These include a delay in the introduction of the royalty to five years after the introduction of the MRPDA and confirmation of the South African Government’s preference for a revenue-based royalty. It was further indicated that the royalty regime would take cognisance of the mining sector’s diverse production and profitability dynamics with differential rates to apply to marginal mining operations. The proposed royalty will have an adverse impact upon AngloGold’s profitability as currently no royalty is payable.
-
The MPRDA calls for a Charter to be developed by the Minister of Minerals and Energy within six months of commencement of the Act, the content of which has largely been agreed with mining industry representatives (including AngloGold), and with representatives of other stakeholders. The Charter’s stated objectives include the:
 
-
expansion of opportunities for persons disadvantaged by unfair discrimination under the previous political dispensation;
-
expansion of the skills base of such persons;
-
promotion of employment and advancement of the social and economic welfare of mining communities; and
-
promotion of beneficiation, or the crushing and separation of ore into valuable substances or waste within South Africa.
 
The Charter requires that each mining company achieve 15% ownership by historically disadvantaged South Africans of its South African mining assets within five years and 26% ownership within ten years. It contemplates that this will be achieved by, amongst other things, disposals of assets by mining companies to historically disadvantaged persons on a willing seller–willing buyer basis at fair market value. In addition, the Charter requires mining companies to formulate plans for achieving employment equity at management level with a view to achieving 40% participation by historically disadvantaged persons in management and 10% participation by women in the mining industry, each within five years. When considering applications for the conversion of existing rights, the State will take a scorecard approach, evaluating the commitments of each company to the different facets of promoting the objectives of the Charter. The draft scorecard was published by the South African government in February 2003.

AngloGold fully supports the principle that the mining industry and the wider South African economy have to find ways of dealing with the legacy of the country’s history in a manner that promotes economic development and growth. AngloGold has made progress in adjusting the ownership structure of its South African mining assets and the composition of its management consistent with the Charter’s spirit. It believes that it is well placed to meet the Charter’s targets in accordance with the scorecard.

AngloGold has completed a number of asset sales to companies owned by historically disadvantaged persons in the past four years, which meet the requirements of the Charter and the scorecard. According to AngloGold’s estimates based on operating data for the 12 months ended 30 September 2003, these transactions transfer 22.4% of its attributable units of production in South Africa to historically disadvantaged persons. However, AngloGold would expect the State to conduct its own assessment of these transfers when it submits its conversions or applications for acquisition of new rights to replace its existing rights. In addition, it is continuing to evaluate alternative ways in which to achieve the objectives of the Charter through, for example, forms of broad-based equity ownership by historically disadvantaged entities, groups or individuals, including employee share ownership and empowerment unit trusts.

AngloGold believes that it has made significant progress towards meeting the requirements of the Charter and the scorecard in human resource development, employment equity, mine community and rural development, housing and living conditions, procurement and beneficiation. It will also reflect these results when it lodges its conversions or applications for acquisition of new rights to replace its existing rights. The performance under the criteria set by the Charter and the scorecard will be assessed by the State upon the occurrence of such lodgements or applications. Details of the State’s methodology for calculating performance regarding to beneficiation have, however, not yet been made public. Failure on the part of AngloGold to comply with the requirements of the Charter and the scorecard could subject AngloGold to negative consequences.

AngloGold may also incur expenses in giving additional effect to the Charter and the scorecard, including costs which it may incur in facilitating the financing of initiatives towards ownership by historically disadvantaged persons as part of the industry-wide commitment to assist such persons in securing financing of R100 billion during the first five years of the Charter’s life. There is furthermore no guarantee that any steps AngloGold might take to comply with the Charter would ensure that it could successfully acquire new mining rights in place of its existing rights. In addition, the terms of such new rights may not be as favourable to AngloGold as the terms applicable to its existing rights. Based on present indications, however, AngloGold believes that it should be able successfully to acquire new rights on reasonable terms.

The MPRDA also imposes on mining companies additional responsibilities relating to environmental management and to environmental damage, degradation or pollution resulting from their prospecting or mining activities. AngloGold has a policy of evaluating, minimising and addressing the environmental consequences of its activities and, consistent with this policy and the MPRDA, has undertaken a review of the environmental costs and liabilities associated with its South African operations in light of the new, as well as the existing, environmental requirements. While this examination could result in an increase in AngloGold’s compliance costs and accruals for environmental remediation following the proposed merger with Ashanti, it is not certain at this stage whether these costs or liabilities will have a material adverse effect on AngloGold’s financial condition or results of operations.
 
A majority of AngloGold's mineral reserves and deposits and mining operations are located in countries that face political and economic risks.
The mineral deposits and mining operations of AngloGold are located mainly in Africa and, to a lesser extent, South American countries. Countries in these regions, to a greater or lesser extent, have experienced political instability and economic uncertainty in the past. More recently, certain of the countries in which AngloGold operates and in particular South Africa, have achieved greater political and economic stability. Nevertheless, in some of the countries where AngloGold operates, government policy may be unpredictable, and the institutions of government and market economy may be unstable and subject to rapid and unpredictable change.

Any existing and new mining operations and projects carried out by AngloGold in these countries are and will be subject to various national and local laws, policies and regulations governing the prospecting, developing and mining of mineral reserves, taxation, exchange controls, investment approvals, employee relations and other matters. If, in one or more of these countries, AngloGold could not obtain or maintain necessary permits, authorisations or agreements to implement planned projects or continue its operations under conditions or within time frames that make such plans and operations economic, or if legal or fiscal regimes or the governing political authorities change materially, its financial position could be adversely affected.

In South Africa, on 18 February 2004, in the Budget Speech for the 2004 fiscal year, the Minister of Finance announced that due to the new regulatory system for the mining rights in terms of the MRPDA and accompanying royalty dispensation under the draft Mineral and Petroleum Royalty Bill, it has become imperative to reassess holistically the current fiscal regime as applicable to the mining and petroleum industries in South Africa, including tax depreciation, rate differentiation for mining sectors, allowable deductions and exemptions from Secondary Tax on Companies in terms of South Africa’s income tax regime. Also due for review is the gold mining tax formula, which provides income tax exemption and relief from Secondary Tax on Companies for gold mines despite the existence of profit. The impact of these proposed reviews is unknown at this stage and any material adverse change arising from there could have an adverse impact upon the financial position of AngloGold.

In certain circumstances, AngloGold will be required to seek the consent of regulators and other governmental authorities before it can undertake significant transactions, such as disposals of assets. It may not be able to obtain these consents expeditiously or at all.
 
Labour disruptions in South Africa and other countries could have an adverse effect on AngloGold’s operating results and financial condition.
As at 31 December 2003, approximately 87% (2002: 88%) of AngloGold’s workforce was located in South Africa.

More than 75% of the workforce on its South African operations is unionised, with the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) representing the majority of unionised workers. AngloGold’s employees in some South American countries are also highly unionised. In the past, trade unions have had a significant impact on AngloGold’s collective bargaining process, as well as on social and political reforms, most notably in South Africa. In 1987, the NUM embarked on a three-week strike in support of a wage demand. Since then AngloGold and the industry have not experienced any work stoppages due to wage negotiations. It has become practice to negotiate wages and conditions of employment with the unions every two years, through the Chamber of Mines of South Africa. The most recent settlement negotiation was completed in July 2003, when the parties reached an agreement covering the period from 1 July 2003 to 30 June 2005. Furthermore, AngloGold has instituted a number of processes at both mine and at company level, whereby management and unions interact regularly and address areas of difference as they arise.

It is uncertain whether labour disruptions will be used to advocate labour, political or social causes in the future. Should any labour disruptions occur, if material, they could have an adverse effect on AngloGold’s results of operations and financial condition.
 
AngloGold faces certain risks in dealing with HIV/AIDS which may have an adverse effect on its operations.
AIDS and tuberculosis (which is exacerbated in the presence of HIV/AIDS) remain the major health care challenges faced by AngloGold’s South African operations. A significant portion, approximately 30%, of its South African workforce is believed to be infected with the HI virus. AngloGold is continuing to develop and implement various programmes aimed at helping those who have been infected with HIV and preventing new infections. On 14 November 2002, it announced that it had begun implementing a monitored pilot anti-retroviral therapy programme for volunteer employees in South Africa who are infected with HIV. The pilot programme involved offering a triple combination drug regimen, known as a drug cocktail, to 200 Wellness Clinic patients (being AngloGold employees) that met the medical eligibility criteria for starting treatment. From April 2003, it commenced a roll-out of the treatment to all eligible employees desiring it.

At this stage, the drug cocktail alone costs approximately $70 per participating employee per month. It is not yet possible to develop an accurate cost estimate of the programme in its entirety, given uncertainties such as drug prices and the ultimate rate of employee participation. Based on its estimates, AngloGold believes that the cost of managing and treating the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic would be significantly lower than the cost of ignoring it and failing to take measures to manage and treat it.

AngloGold does not expect the cost that it will incur related to the prevention of HIV infection and the treatment of AIDS to materially and adversely affect its operations and profitability. Nevertheless, it is not possible to determine with certainty the costs that it may incur in the future in addressing this issue, and consequently, its operations and profitability could be adversely affected.
 
The occurrence of events for which AngloGold is not insured or for which its insurance is inadequate may affect its cash flows and overall profitability.
AngloGold maintains insurance to protect only against catastrophic events which could have a significant adverse impact on its operations and profitability. This insurance is maintained in amounts that are believed to be reasonable depending upon the circumstances surrounding each identified risk. However, AngloGold’s insurance does not cover all potential risks associated with its business. In addition, AngloGold may elect not to insure for certain risks, due to the high premiums associated with insuring those risks or for various other reasons, including an assessment that the risks are remote. Furthermore, AngloGold may not be able to obtain insurance coverage at acceptable premiums. AngloGold has a captive insurance company, namely AGRe Insurance Company Limited, which participates at various levels in certain of the insurances maintained by AngloGold. The occurrence of events for which it is not insured may adversely affect AngloGold’s cash flows and overall profitability.
 
Insider trading
AngloGold does not permit directors and key employees (that is, employees having access to price sensitive information) to trade in company shares during closed periods. Key employees trading in company shares are required to notify and obtain the necessary consent from the company secretarial function which determines whether such trading is permissible. A list of persons regarded as key employees for this purpose has been approved by the board and is revised from time to time. Directors wishing to trade in the company shares are required to notify and obtain the necessary consent from the chairman of the Remuneration Committee, or his or her deputy. The chairman of the Remuneration Committee, or his deputy, consults with the managing secretary to determine if the trading is permissible. Closed periods are operated prior to the publication of the quarterly, half-yearly and year-end results. Where appropriate, a closed period is also operative during periods where major transactions are being negotiated and a public announcement is imminent.
 
Employee participation
The company has in place a variety of strategies and structures, designed to promote employee participation. These strategies and structures are further developed and adapted from time to time to meet variations in operational requirements and to accommodate changing circumstances. Management and employee representatives meet in formal and informal forums at company and operational levels to share information and to address matters of mutual interest.
 
Employment equity and development
In October 2003, AngloGold submitted its third annual employment equity report to the Department of Labour on progress made with the implementation of the company’s employment equity plan in respect of its South African operations. The 2003 report indicates that continued progress has been made year-on-year, most notably in the category of technicians and associated professionals, where the percentage of designated employees has increased from 27% to 30%.

The employment equity governance structures and monitoring processes have been entrenched at company and business unit levels. A Mining Charter Steering Committee has been established to lead and direct the overall process of compliance with the charter. Four strategic issues have been identified to enable the company to meet the employment equity objectives:
 
accelerating progress towards achieving targets;
retention of talented employees;
facilitating the employment of women, and
improving communication with all employees regarding issues concerning employment equity.
 
Measures are being implemented to address these issues. The following is a summary of the 2003 report as required by section 22(1) of the Employment Equity Act of 1998.
 
Employment Equity Report
  2003 2002
Occupational
categories
 Total Black
males
White
males
Black
females
White
females
Total
desig-
nated
%
desig-
nated
Total Black
males
White
males
Black
females
White
females
Total
desig-
nated
%
desig-
nated
Legislators, senior officials and managers 158 8 142 1 7 16 10 149 6 136 1 6 13 9
Professionals 909 77 747 9 76 162 18 881 62 739 10 70 142 16
Technicians and associate professionals 1,697 321 1,196 14 166 501 30 1,640 290 1,192 12 146 448 27
Clerks 1,218 684 220 89 225 998 82 1,165 662 192 80 231 973 84
Craft and related trades workers 3,583 1,629 1,733 48 173 1,850 52 3,523 1,553 1,768 37 165 1,755 50
Plant & machine operators and assemblers 5,458 5,187 81 135 55 5,377 99 5,313 5,085 60 120 48 5,253 99
Elementary occupations 26,142 25,642 132 364 4 26,010 99 26,149 25,830 80 236 3 26,069 100
Total permanent 39,165 33,548 4,251 660 706 34,914 89 38,820 33,488 4,167 496 669 34,653 89
Non-permanent employees 7,996 7,085 730 155 26 7,266 91 6,414 5,691 687 32 4 5,727 89
Total 47,161 40,633 4,981 815 732 42,180 89 45,234 39,179 4,854 528 673 40,380 89
The category Blacks includes Coloureds and Indians. Included in the above are 556 people with disabilities.
The above employee numbers are as at 1 August 2003 and exclude AngloGold Health Services as they submit a separate report to the Department of Labour.
 
Communication
AngloGold subscribes to a policy of full, accurate and consistent communication in respect of both its financial and operating affairs. The company regularly enters into dialogue with institutional and private investors on the basis of the guidelines of promptness, relevance, transparency and substance over form, having due regard to statutory, regulatory and other directives prohibiting the dissemination of unpublished and price-sensitive information by the company and its directors and officers. In addition to the facilities offered by the corporate secretarial function and the company’s share registrars, AngloGold has established an investor relations and communications programme in South Africa, Europe, Asia, the United States and Australia, to maintain contact with members of the investing communities and the media around the world.

The company encourages shareholders to attend its general meetings, which provide opportunities for shareholders to ask questions of the board, including the chairmen of the various standing committees of the board, or their representatives.

International media and investor briefings, which include telephonic and web-based conference calls, are held when the company’s results are announced at quarterly intervals and when events require disclosure and discussion. The company also has a website containing up-to-date information.

Copies of all corporate presentations are posted onto the company’s website. In addition, shareholders are informed at the meeting of the results of voting, in person and by proxy, in respect of all ordinary and special resolutions proposed under special business at the meeting.

Executive directors also hold face-to-face meetings with the company’s institutional shareholders around the world during the year to discuss company performance and the proposed merger between AngloGold and Ashanti.

Equally high value is placed on the process of internal communication to all employees at the company’s corporate office and operating units.
 
Sustainable development
AngloGold continues to be committed to sustainable development in all the regions in which it operates. An innovation is that the company’s 2003 Report to Society is published as a web-based document simultaneously with this report. It can be accessed from the home page of the company’s website and is designed to enable easy access to the reader’s particular area of interest, either in terms of geographical area or discipline. Also, for the first time, key aspects of this report have been reviewed by independent auditors,PricewaterhouseCoopers.

During the year the company participated in the inaugural JSE Socially Responsible Investment Index. AngloGold welcomes the initiative shown by the JSE and awaits the publication of its index during the first half of 2004.

For the second year in a row AngloGold participated in the Edward Nathan and Friedland (ENF) Sustainability Index. Both the JSE and ENF indices seek to examine the performance of participating companies in terms of each company’s triple bottom line, that is each company’s attitude and actions in respect of the environment, society and economy, or in the words of the World Summit for Sustainable Development, 2002, “planet, people, prosperity”. In the inaugural 2002 ENF Sustainability Index, AngloGold was ranked first in the sustainability assessment.

Further details on AngloGold’s activities in respect of each of its regions is available under the Review of Operations, at pages 18 to 30 of this report. Details of the company’s actions in respect of HIV/AIDS, beneficiation, social investment and code of ethics are also available from the company website in the Report to Society.
 
Company ethics and business principles
The company is committed to the highest standards of integrity, and ethical and legal conduct in dealings with all its stakeholders. Principles of corporate business conduct, which outline the ethical and professional management practices that AngloGold upholds, have been adopted by the board. Individuals and entities doing business with AngloGold are expected to observe the same level of commitment to group integrity. The dissemination of these principles of business conduct to all levels of employees at all regions is in progress. These principles are available on the company website. The company is confident that these principles are being adhered to.

Business principles detailing the company’s approach to community and social development issues and its labour practices have also been formulated on a group-wide basis. These principles were in the process of being further refined with internal stakeholders during 2003. This will continue in 2004, and will be the subject of a comprehensive internal communications campaign during 2004 and beyond.

In addition, a policy providing for the confidential reporting of acts of fraud, dishonesty, and other acts of an unethical and illegal nature was finalised. The procedures and mechanisms for such reporting are already functional, and permit the confidential reporting via facsimile, anonymous e-mail and a toll-free telephone facility to the group internal audit manager, who is functionally and operationally independent of management. Once a report is made, the matter will be investigated and appropriate action taken. Information on the reporting mechanisms and the policy on such reporting will be communicated to all employees by means of a roll-out campaign and through the company intranet.

As the company’s code of ethics and confidential reporting policy and programmes have been newly introduced, it is still early to gauge the extent to which there is adherence to the company’s ethical standards. AngloGold will be able to assess the actual levels of adherence to its ethics once the confidential reporting policy has had time to filter through to employees. The findings of the internal and external audit functions have revealed no significant breaches of the company’s ethics. The company is, therefore, confident that there is a high level of adherence to its ethical standards.
 
Access to information
The company has complied with its obligations in terms of the South African Promotion of Access to Information Act of 2000, and the company’s manual is available from the company website and the company secretarial department.
 
Sponsor
UBS acts as sponsor to the company in compliance with the Listings Requirements of the JSE.
 
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