Group notes to the financial statements

4 Cost of sales

2008	2009	Figures in million			2009	2008
SA Rands					US Dollars
17,151	18,844	Cash operating costs ⁽¹⁾			2,277	2,081
(480)	(772)	By-products (note 3)			(94)	(58)
16,671	18,072				2,183	2,023
634	699	Royalties			84	78
100	134	Other cash costs			16	12
17,405	18,905	Total cash costs			2,283	2,113
72	110	Retrenchment costs (note 10)			14	9
218	182	Rehabilitation and other non-cash costs			22	28
17,695	19,197	Production costs			2,319	2,150
4,620	4,615	Amortisation of tangible assets (notes 9, 16 and 33)			555	560
21	18	Amortisation of intangible assets (notes 17 and 33)			2	2
22,336	23,830	Total production costs			2,876	2,712
222	(610)	Inventory change			(63)	16
22,558	23,220				2,813	2,728
		⁽¹⁾	Cash operating costs comprises:
5,902	6,747		–	salaries and wages	815	718
4,736	5,316		–	stores and other consumables	638	574
3,684	3,019		–	fuel, power and water	363	448
2,516	2,971		–	contractors	358	305
313	791		–	services and other charges	103	36
17,151	18,844				2,277	2,081